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The reading passage proposes three possible causes of little ice age, but all the explanations are refuted by the professor in the lecture.
First, according to the reading passage, the disruption of Gulf Stream may have caused the little ice age. However in the lecture, the professor argues that the disruption can only affect Europe and North America. But the ice age also affected southern hemisphere like New Zealand and South Africa. Since the disruption cannot explain why the Southern Hemisphere got cooler as well, it cannot fully explain the little ice age.
Second, the professor also refutes the reading passage which claims that volcano caused the ice age. As the professor puts, large amount of dust produced by volcano would have produced striking visual effects that people would have noticed at that time, such as colorful sunsets, and gray or brown snow instead of white snow. Since there are no reports of such visual effects at the time, the volcanic eruptions during that period were not strong enough to cause ice age.
Third, contrary to the reading that due to human population decrease, the growth of forest trees contributed to little ice age by removing carbon dioxide, the professor points out that there is not enough time for this effect to work. The professor argues that the human population grew back quickly to the previous level and lots of trees were cut down for clearing fields to grow the crops to feed the growing population. Therefore, there is not enough time for the forest to cause global cooling.
In the ever-changing job market, to get a job both secure and satisfying seems to be increasingly impractical, if we take into account the gradually sluggish economy and the enlarging number of job applicants. In this case, many, in finding a job, are faced with a dilemma of choosing a secure job or a satisfying job. While a secure job can guarantee people’s basic living standard, I would choose to wait for a job of satisfaction, for the sake of greater personal improvement and happiness.
Without doubt, a satisfying job can bring people greater personal improvement. One major factor that enhances job satisfaction would be how much it would contribute to a person’s skill development and the room it provides for promotion. Normally, a person is, when taking such a job, more likely to constantly step out of his comfort zone, getting exposed to new fields, new experiences and new partners. In the process, his proficiency will be consolidated and job skill promoted. However, in a secure job, it is quite possible that what people do there is some tedious and repetitive work, and personal improvement there would be limited. Take for instance my cousin who previously worked as a civil servant in a local government department. His primary job there is to draft the department director’s speech and deal with various kinds of paper work. Feeling the job monotonous, he quit it and has been working in a multinational corporation. He was challenged constantly to fulfill various effort-taking tasks from expanding market channels to running a sales team. With his diverse work experience and swift smooth switch among different roles he played there, he was recently promoted as a manager there, feeling a strong sense of self-accomplishment.
Furthermore, people can gain more happiness from a satisfying job. A secure job is, normally speaking, less challenging and less complicated. People working there as a clerk, a receptionist, or a secretary in a government department, for example, are highly replaceable. Hence, the wages they get is relatively lower. However, mostly, the reason why a job is more satisfying is that it offers workers higher salary that others do not. It is no exaggeration to say that with great financial independence, one’s material demands could be more easily met and his or her happiness in life could be elevated. Doing a satisfying job, people can more easily bring their families to a lovely coastal resort on vacation, enjoying breeze and sunbath on the beach, and lovely fishes or corals when doing scuba diving or snorkeling. On the contrary, even short-term trips, would be quite rare for those doing a secure job due to their limited income, not to speak long-term overseas traveling. Traveling is just a tip of the iceberg of people’s material needs. Therefore you can image how happy one would be if his or her other similar needs are satisfied! Although money does not equal happiness, no one can deny the power money has in enhancing people’s happiness in life.
Sure, taking a secure job right away can at least ensure people a basic living standard, in particular in such stagnant economy, and they won’t waste time for a so-called satisfying job that might never come. However, high-end jobs are always available there and if one, during the wait, can constantly improve himself by getting required degrees, certificates, or experience, the time spent can hardly be regarded as “waste”. My brother majoring in programming did not choose to be a teacher teaching math in our local middle school but waited for better employment chances. During the wait, he attended online courses to complete programming-related certificates, many of which are internationally recognized. Not long after he completed his courses, a job offer from a high-ranking I.T company came due to his excellent mastery of professional knowledge in programming and impressive insight into the industry.
Therefore, it is reasonable to say that waiting for a more satisfying job is a better option than taking a secure job immediately if possible.
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