托福TPO45[综合写作&独立写作]写作试题+范文汇总

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托福TPO45综合写作范文

The passage claims that the fossil structures were not created by bees 200 million years ago, while the lecture argues that those supporting arguments are unconvincing.

In the first place, the author asserts that no bee fossils were found as old as 200-million-year-old. In contrast, the speaker believes that a lack of bee fossils does not mean that bees did not exist that early. Bees might not be preserved because trees producing fossilized tree resin were rare at that time and became common much later.

Besides, the reading passage states that bees did not exist 200 million years ago because of the absence of food, the flowering plants. However, this is contradicted by the listening that it is possible that bees existed before flowering plants. Bees might feed on non-flowering plants, like ferns or pine trees, at that time. After flowering plants appeared, bees adapted to feeding on them and developed a stable mutual dependent relationship ever since.

Finally, the writer points out that, unlike modern bee nests, the fossil structures lack caps with a spiral pattern while the professor claims that there is evidence that bees built those structures. Modern bees build chambers by using a kind of waterproofing substance and the chambers of those fossil structures also contain the same kind of chemical composition of this substance.

托福TPO45独立写作范文

When encountering troublesome problems, we naturally seek for help from others. In the past, advice from parents was especially reliable, making them decision-makers for their children. Yet, as far as I’m concerned, young people today are better able to make decisions about their own lives because of more advice and knowledge they can gain.

To begin with, youngsters can make better decisions because they can access to various advice other than their parents’. Given that the Internet enlarges people’s social circle by making communication more convenient than ever possible before, nowadays the young generation can readily know and contact those with rich experience before making a decision. A high school student can determine whether going abroad for college after graduation is suitable for him by chatting with friends or schoolmates who have already been there for advice: only several Facetime calls or online messages will allow him to know exactly how daily schedules are arranged or what specific course requirements are. In the past, however, parents might be the only people who are experienced enough to help determine things in most cases. For instance, my uncle decided to major in architecture because his father thought it could guarantee a stable career, while his daughter decided to major in fashion design after sending her portfolio to a professor in New York University and getting much acknowledgement. Thus, it is quite obvious that young people today can make wise decisions independently with so much advice.

Additionally, young people are knowledgeable enough to be better able to make decisions about their lives. Youngsters today are presented with many choices, some of which might be totally strange to parents. In this case, how can parents help kids make decisions without knowing what they can choose? Take my own experience for example. Every time when summer vacation begins, my parents, only knowing some traditional ways of spending holidays, will suggest that I spend a month in the country with my cousins and a month taking some courses in a cram school. After realizing that I have more choices than those two things, I began to make my own decisions about my holiday life: I joined a Marathon training team with my classmates last summer and signed myself up this summer for a camp hold by UC Berkeley which provided me opportunities to communicate with people from different countries and take courses given by famous professors. These two decisions benefit me quite a lot in terms of making friends and preparing for college.

In summary, though depending much on their parents to do decision-making, young people today are better able to make their own decisions in that they have more knowledge and advice to refer to.

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