2024托福备考资料推荐：托福阅读长难句汇总

新东方在线托福整理了托福备考书籍推荐(托福OG|托福绿宝书|托福官方指南等)、托福备考资料等，今天带来的是托福阅读长难句25句，希望大家能从书籍和资料中有所收获，在托福考试中取得好成绩！

一、托福阅读逻辑词汇及句子来源

本资料中总结的逻辑词汇，均为托福阅读中常见词汇；所选取的句子均出自于TPO阅读文章。

二、托福阅读逻辑分析的必要性

大家拿到一篇托福文章，准备完全依据含义来理解吗?如果是这样，对于文章和段落结构很难有整体 的把握。托福阅读对词汇的要求比较高，选材多是学科性内容，而且文章中也有很多复杂的长难句。 大家在提升词汇和长难句的同时，也可以通过掌握逻辑词汇，帮助我们更好地理解和把握文章段落。 例如：but, however 等转折词的出现，可以使我们明确上下句是相反的关系，如果下一句的含义没有 读懂，完全可以利用上一句进行反推。逻辑词汇不仅可以帮助我们推测句子含义，也可以帮助我们把 握段落主题，分清观点和例子，这对做最后的小结题也有很大帮助!

三、托福阅读逻辑分析的操作方法

首先请大家先看托福必备逻辑词部分，熟悉这些词汇的类别和含义，尤其是并列，转折，原因，结果 等常考逻辑，之后做相应练习，对句中挖空的词汇进行识别，练习中挖空的逻辑词汇均可以找到出处， 如果遇到不熟悉或者遗忘的逻辑词汇，可以查看逻辑词汇总结或者答案解析进行进一步巩固，从而扎 实地掌握逻辑词汇的用法;最后记得把翻译的句子与答案核对，提高翻译的准确度。只要大家认真完 成练习，熟练识别逻辑词汇，一定可以更好地理解句子和文章，从而实现阅读能力的全面提升，加油!

四、英语连接词

连接词的意义分类

表并列 and，as well as ， or， either…or…

表递进 moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, besides, additionally

表转折 but, yet, however, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas, while, instead

表让步 although, though, even though , even if , in spite of, despite, while

表层次 on the one hand, ... on the other hand; first, ... second, ... finally

表强调 in fact , indeed , actually , still, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently , of course, after all,significantly, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, especially, clearly，it is/was…that(强调句型)

表原因 for this reason, factor, for, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to, out of, in that ,as a result of ，be attributed to…. ， owe…to…

表结果 therefore, accordingly, cause, consequently, as consequence, evidently, effect, as a result, thus,hence, so, so that, as a result，lead to ,result in, give rise to

表比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally, more…than(比较级)， 最高级

表对比 by contrast, on the contrary, contradict, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, conversely,otherwise, in contrast, opposed to，rather than, instead of

表举例 for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate

表顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.

表可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.

表解释 be 动词, that is, namely, in simpler terms.

表总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize,in short, in conclusion

表条件 if, unless, in case, on condition that, only if，虚拟

表目的 to do , in order to , so that

表否定

1. no, not, little, few, never, none, nobody, nothing, no longer, nowhere, neither, nor, neither...nor, without,unless, but for, apart from, in the absence of, regardless of, instead of, exclusive of, short of, rather than,anything but, out of the question, no more...than

2. 由 in-, dis-, il-, im-, ir- ,un-, non-, anti-,mal-,mis -等前缀及-less,-free,-proof 等后缀合成的否定词

3. hardly, scarcely, barely, little, few, seldom 等半否定词

4. avoid, ban, deny, deprive, exclude, escape, evade, forbid, free from/of, fail, ignore, lack, lose, miss,neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, refute , rid, rule out, against, beyond,far from, off, out

五、托福阅读长难句

1. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and [ ]redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass. [TPO22 Spartina]

2. Leaving its insect predators behind, the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along

Washington’s tidal estuaries on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and [ ]drastically altering the landscape by trapping sediment. [TPO22 Spartina]

3. Because [ ] the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. [TPO22 The Birth of Photography]

4. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1)by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and[ ] (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. [TPO23 Urban Climates]

5. Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have

produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus [ ] stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods. [TPO23 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture]

6. In order to increase production on existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation and [ ], in particular, began to apply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than [ ] leaving the fertilization process up to the grazing livestock. [TPO23 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture]

7. While [ ] accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites, which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important. [TPO23 Rock Art of the Australia Aborigines]

8. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by rain gauges, and [ ] the losses by evaporation, measured with models that correct for the other sources of water loss. [TPO24 Lake Water]

9. Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and [ ] field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s. [TPO24 Moving into Pueblos]

10. The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than [ ] NREM because [ ],although [ ] breathing is more rapid in REM, it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing. [TPO24 Breathing During Sleep]

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