托福机经2025:8月20日（上午场）托福写作机经是什么(含试题

托福考试网整理了2025年托福考试时间、托福备考资料、托福培训课程等内容、今天带来的是托福机经2025:8月20日托福写作机经汇总，希望对大家的托福考试有所帮助！

2025年托福写作机经汇总

第一套

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综合写作 人类学 重复

主题：whether the first people to sail around Africa were Phoenicians

阅读

First, it is highly unlikely that the Phoenician sailors possessed the necessary technology to sail around Africa as early as 600 B.C.E. The ships they built were small and held together only with crude wooden pegs.Also, the ships had only one simple square-shaped sail. While such technology might have been suitable to sail on the Mediterranean Sea near Phoenicia, it would not have been suitable for the long voyage in the open ocean around Africa.Second, it also goes against what we know about Egyptian rulers of the time to suggest that Necho ll ordered the expedition and hired the Phoenicians. Ancient Egyptians are understood to have been generally uninterested in exploring the world beyond their kingdom and the lands immediately surrounding it. Necho ll would have had no reason to hire Phoenician sailors.Third, it is possible that the account of a journey around Africa recorded in the ancient sources was just a story invented by sailors that later spread. lt was not uncommon for people of the ancient world to make up stories and pass them off as truths,particularly when it had to do with the ocean.Stories of sea monsters and magical islands were also popular at the time, so in the same way, a story about a voyage around Africa could have been invented as well.

听力

First, it's true that Phoenicians used rather simple sailing technology, but that doesn't mean the voyage was impossible. In fact,recently, in the 20th century, some scientists and shipbuilders built a copy of an old Phoenician ship to see how capable it was of sailing long distances. They used exactly the same materials and techniques that were available to Phoenicians, 600 years B.C.E. and guess what? The scientists successfully sailed this copy of an old ship around Africa. So Phoenician ships may have been good enough for a voyage like this.Second, it's true that the ancient Egyptians were generally not interested in exploring areas outside Egypt, But Necho the second was a rather different kind of king in this respect. For example, he was very interested in water transportation, and started major projects to connect Egyptian rivers and seized through canals. Necho probably wanted to explore the possibilities of water transportation in general, for trading purposes. He could have hired the Phoenician sailors to sail around Africa to help him discover new trading partners.Finally, the Phoenician sailors reported some facts that make it unlikely that they invented the story. They reported that when they sailed far to the south, they noticed that at midday at 12 o'clock, the sun was in the northern part of the sky instead of the southern. Well, that's exactly what happens in the southern hemisphere. The sun appears in the northern part of the sky at midday. in contrast to what happens in the northern hemisphere where the sailors were from? This information about the position of the sun would be hard to invent. The most likely explanation for it is that the Phoenicians had actually gone to the southern hemisphere and observed the sun themselves

学术讨论 环保 重复 2024.6.12/ 2024.5.15

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s

question.

In your response, you should

 express and support your personal opinion

 make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe: Many areas are trying to reduce fossil fuel consumption because such fuel causes pollution and may contribute to climate change. To this end,some local governments want to find ways to encourage more people to use electric vehicles. In preparation for a class discussion on this issue, please post a response indicating what policy or initiative you would recommend that governments implement to encourage more use of electric vehicles, please explain why you think so.

Kelly: I live in an apartment building and would have difficulty charging an electric vehicle at home. I think that governments should offer financial support to encourage places such as shopping districts to install a large number of charging stations, maybe even free ones, that the public could use.

Paul: People in my city often deal with long commutes in heavy traffic. But if my local government could set aside lanes on the high-traffic roadways that only electric cars could use, that might encourage people to purchase such a vehicle because they would have shorter and easier commutes.

第二套

综合写作 哺乳动物 重复 2021.1.16/ 2023.3.15

主题：marsupials are inferior to placentals

阅读

Marsupial offspring spend a significant portion of their developing period in the

abdominal pouch of their mother. this leads to slower development of specific organs and body systems compared with placental mammals. most critically, immune systems of marsupials’young are neither given sufficient time to develop, nor are they given sufficient time to be introduced to maternal antigens which stimulate the production of helpful antibodies. this compromised and underdeveloped immune system puts marsupials at risk and is evidence of their

inferiority.

Some marsupials lack certain abilities that allow them to adapt to the surrounding

environment. for example, the joey, a small marsupial, is unable to regulate its own body temperature and relies on external heat sources. for this reason, the mother must carry the young joey in her pouch to keep it warm until it develops fur as an adult this weakness in survivability opens up both the carrying mother and the young joey to danger.

Marsupials have also demonstrated their inability to compete with placentals. in almost all the ecosystems in which marsupials exist, marsupial species have been in a steady decline to placental species which, on the other hand, have demonstrated robust and steady population growth. this trend speaks to the inability of marsupials to adequately compete for resources and niche environments.

听力

Statements regarding marsupial immune system deficiencies do not hold much merit as marsupial immune systems are quite well developed. Marsupial offspring spend ample time in the mother’s nurturing pouch drinking milk. The mother’s milk is fortified with all the nutrition growing young require to reach healthy adulthood. Furthermore, the milk also contains all requisite antigens young offspring need, passed on directly from the mother, to stimulate a healthy immune system. Young offspring are thus able to build resistances to disease in the same manner that placental mammals do. It is true that some marsupial species do not adapt to surrounding environments like placental mammals adapt. However, this fact

does not imply that marsupials are inferior in any way. Let’s take the joey for example. When faced with decreasing environmental temperatures, the joey will in turn reduce its own body temperature accordingly. Reducing its body temperature is in fact a very efficient method to reduce energy expenditure and reduce the amount of food required to maintain bodily functions.

And as far as placentals out-competing marsupials for habitat space and resources,one only needs to look to Australia for evidence of marsupial evolution and robust population growth. Australia has a long and well-documented history of marsupial populations coexisting alongside placental mammals. Over the course of many hundreds of years scientists have noted the ability of marsupials to surpass placentals in competition for resources and niche environments. This is clearly evidence that marsupials can in fact not only live side-by-side with placentals, but also surpass their rivals.

学术讨论 政府 重复 2023.10.21/ 2024.4.6

Your professor is teaching a class on marketing. Write a post responding to the professor’s

question.

In your response, you should

 express and support your personal opinion

 make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe: This week, we will be discussing space exploration. Some people think

that it is a waste of money for governments to fund space exploration.

Others disagree with this view arguing that space exploration is a

valuable and necessary investment for our future. They think that it is

worthy for governments to fund space exploration. l want to know what

you think about this topic. Do you think that governments should fund

space exploration? Why or why not?

Kelly: I don't think that governments should fund space exploration because it

will be too costly to build spaceships and develop related technologies.Though space exploration tech costs billions, it doesn't offer direct benefits to most people, which makes its funding a controversial issue.

Paul: Personally, l do think that all the costs will be worth it. The potential scientific discoveries and technological advancements could have far-reaching impacts that justify the initial investment. lmagine the new inventions that might come from this exploration. Such technology could greatly improve our everyday lives.

范文：

I firmly endorse the viewpoint that governments should not allocate public funds to space exploration. While the endeavor is intellectually captivating, the opportunity cost is simply too high, as these substantial resources could more effectively address pressing terrestrial crises that impact citizens' immediate well-being. First, governments have a fundamental obligation to prioritize existential threats on Earth. The vast financial investments required for interstellar missions—NASA’s Artemis program is projected to cost $93 billion by 2025—represent funds diverted from critical domestic sectors. For instance, this sum could revolutionize the fight against climate change by subsidizing renewable energy infrastructure or could

effectively end homelessness in multiple major cities. A society struggling with inadequate healthcare, educational disparities, and environmental decay cannot justify spending billions to land on Mars when so many needs remain unmet at home. The moral imperative lies in healing our planet first. Second, the emergence of a robust private space sector renders government funding redundant. Corporations like SpaceX and Blue Origin have demonstrably accelerated innovation and reduced costs through competition. SpaceX’s reusable Falcon 9 rockets, developed with private capital, have drastically lowered the price of launching payloads into orbit. This proves that space exploration can proceed apace as a commercial venture, driven by market forces and private investment, without burdening taxpayers.Government agencies can then transition to a regulatory role, ensuring safety and oversight,while freeing up public coffers for projects that lack a commercial incentive but are socially vital, such as poverty alleviation. In conclusion, the romanticism of space exploration must be weighed against fiscal responsibility and ethical governance. Channeling public funds into solving Earth-bound problems, while allowing the private sector to lead the charge into space,constitutes a more rational and compassionate allocation of finite resources.

第三套

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综合写作 生态系统 重复 2017.5.20

主题：智力沙漠中的大量生物灭绝现象

阅读

板块漂移导致这片区域变成环礁湖，阻断水流进入，最终大量生物死亡

一种致命的病毒把动物全杀光了

有毒藻类爆发，小鱼吃藻类，大鱼吃小鱼，毒素累积，导致大量生物死亡

听力

如果有环礁湖，会有矿物被发现，但是那个沙漠里没有发现环礁湖

一种病毒只能导致一种物种或两个近亲物种死亡，不会同时让哺乳类动物和鱼类都死亡

某些海洋生物不吃有毒的小鱼，或者吃的藻类量很小，不足以导致死亡，有毒藻类只会杀死依赖它们的生物

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学术讨论 环保 重复 2023.11.4/ 2019.9.22

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s

question.

In your response, you should

 express and support your personal opinion

 make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write. Doctor Achebe: Many companies provide important products and services but at the same time cause environmental damage. Some people believe the way to prevent these companies from damaging the environment is for the government to require more penalties from them, such as higher taxes and larger fines. Do you think it is a good idea?

Kelly: A lot of companies make helpful products but hurt the environment too.

l think the government should punish them more, like raising their taxes and fines, to stop the damage. Doing that would hold corporations accountable and force them to change in an impactful way. We can have both innovation and sustainability if governments incentivize it properly through penalties.

Paul: I disagree that we should penalize corporations more for environmental damage. Many companies are already taking steps to adopt greener practices, and higher taxes or fines could discourage innovation and hurt the economy. instead of punishing businesses, l believe the government should reward and incentivize sustainable choices through subsidies and tax breaks.

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