2016年5月22日托福阅读真题答案解析(宁波新东方)

　　5月22日托福阅读真题第三篇

　　题材划分：历史类

　　主要内容：糖果一开始作为保存进口水果的东西只能被贵族所购买，知道某个时间，因为科技的发展，人们更加容易接触到糖果，所以中层家庭也开始购买。糖果发展成硬糖，尤其是小孩子变成了最大的消费者，后来有人就把糖果和药结合，融化糖果，结合药然后又凝固，用甜味去压抑苦味，开发了新市场。又有个人发明了新的大批量产糖的方法，商家就开始大批量生产同时也增加了糖的多样性。

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　　相关知识背景：

　　The history of sugar has five main phases:

　　• The extraction of sugar cane juice from the sugarcane plant; and, the subsequent domestication of the plant in tropical Southeast Asia many thousands of years ago (a firm date is unknown).

　　• The invention of manufacture of cane sugar granules from the sugarcane juice in India a little over two thousand years ago, followed by improvements in refining the crystal granules in India in the early centuries A.D.

　　• The spread of cultivation and manufacture of cane sugar to the medieval Islamic world together with some improvements of production methods.

　　• The spread of cultivation and manufacture of cane sugar to the West Indies and tropical parts of the Americas beginning in the 16th century, followed by more intensive improvements in production in the 17th through 19th centuries in that part of the world.

　　• The development of beet sugar, high fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners in the 19th and 20th centuries.

　　Worldwide through the end of the medieval period, sugar was very expensive[1] and was considered a "fine spice", but from about the year 1500, technological improvements and New World sources began turning it into a much cheaper bulk commodity.

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