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托福写作的五条“伪规则”

2016-12-19 16:19:19来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福写作规则，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福写作的五条“伪规则”一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

　　Whether we're experienced writers or just beginners, we all follow certain rules. Not all rules of writing, however, are equally valid or useful.

　　无论我们是经验丰富的作家还是写作新手，我们都遵循一定的规则来写作。但是，并非所有的规则都有用。

　　Before applying the principles of effective writing, we need to find out which rules are worth taking seriously and which ones aren't really rules at all. Here we'll look at five phony rules of writing. Behind each one lies a reasonably good idea, but there are also good reasons why these so-called rules should sometimes be broken.

　　在使用有效的写作规则之前，我们先要分清哪些规则值得认真学习，而哪些规则根本算不上规则。在此，我们着重了解五条伪规则。每条伪规则背后都有值得借鉴的地方，但是有时我们也不必遵循这些所谓的规则。

　　01

　　Never use the first person pronoun ("I" or "we") in an essay.

　　不要在文章里使用第一人称(“我”和“我们”)

　　Our choice of a personal pronoun should depend on what we're writing about and our reason for writing. In an essay based on personal experience, for example, the I point of view is not only natural but practically unavoidable. (Substituting "one" and "oneself" for "I" and "myself" usually leads to awkward writing.)

　　人称的选择应基于写作的内容及原因。比如，在一篇描述个人经历的文章中，第一人称视角不仅自然，而且无可避免。(用其他人称代替第一人称则显得奇怪。)

　　On the other hand, critical essays, term papers, and lab reports are commonly presented from the third-person point of view (he, she, it, they) because the subject of the paper, not the writer, should be the focus of attention.

　　另一方面，评论性文章、学期论文、实验报告通常采用第三人称(他、她、它、他们、她们、它们)，因为这类文章的重点在内容上而非作者。

　　2

　　An essay must contain five paragraphs.文章必须包含五个段落

　　Although most essays contain a beginning, a middle, and an end, there's no official limit on the number of paragraphs that should appear in an essay.

　　尽管大多数文章包含开头、主体、结尾部分，但是文章到底应该有几段却没有一个具体的规定。

　　Many instructors use the five-paragraph model to introduce students to the basic structure of an essay. Likewise, some standardized essay exams appear to encourage the simple five-paragraph theme. But you should feel free to move beyond the basics (and beyond five paragraphs), especially when dealing with complex subjects.

　　许多老师用五段论模型向学生介绍写作的基本结构。同样的，标准化写作考试也喜欢简单的五段论文章。但是，抛开这个基本的框架(抛开五段论)可以让你的写作过程更加随心所欲，尤其是当你在解决复杂的问题时。

　　3

　　A paragraph must contain between three and five sentences.每一段应包含三到五句话

　　Just as there's no limit to the number of paragraphs that may appear in an essay, no rule exists regarding the number of sentences that make up a paragraph. If you check out the works by professional writers, you'll find paragraphs as short as a single word and as long as two or three pages.

　　就像文章没有固定的段落数一样，每一段中要写几句话也没有严格的规定。如果你看看专业作者的文章，你会发现有的段落短到只有一个词，而有的段落则长达两到三页。

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