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托福听力练习-科学美国人60秒:肺部味觉感受器

2017-06-22 09:54:00来源：科学美国人60秒

点击查看>>科学美国人60秒音频：肺部的味觉感受器

　　科学美国人60秒听力练习：肺部的味觉感受器

　　Researchers were surprised to find receptors for bitter taste in the lungs, and more surprised that activating them caused airways to greatly relax. Cynthia Graber reports

　　研究者惊奇地发现在肺里竟然有对苦味敏感的味觉感受器，更加神奇的是，对这些感受器施加刺激会使呼吸道松弛。

　　Take a deep breath. Taste anything? Actually, your lungs may. Because scientists have discovered that the same receptors that exist on the tongue to taste bitter substances are also found on the smooth muscle of the lungs.

　　Researchers were studying the receptors on smooth lung muscles that regulate contraction and relaxation of the airways. That’s when they made the discovery—which was so unexpected that the researchers themselves were skeptical.

　　Finally, they became convinced that the receptors were really there, though not clustered in taste buds as they are on the tongue. The scientists then exposed human and mouse airways to various bitter compounds to gauge the effects.

　　Many toxic compounds are bitter, so the researchers expected the lung muscle to tense up and contract—to compel the breather to move away from whatever was bitter and perhaps toxic. But, in a second surprise, bitter compounds relaxed and opened airways better than any existing asthma drug. The study is in the journal Nature Medicine. [Deepak Deshpande et al., "Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction"]

　　Researchers will continue to search for the role of the receptors. Meanwhile, the work represents a surprising new lead in the search for drugs to treat asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

　　中文翻译请点击下一页

本文关键字: 托福听力 科学美国人60秒

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