托福阅读中的“伪雷点”例题分析（二）

　　上一次的介绍相信大家已经了解到伪雷点的“可恶之处”了，(点击即可阅读《托福阅读中的“伪雷点”例题分析一》)那今天我们就再一起来分析两个高频错题，让大家对进一步识别它们的“真面目”。为了让大家自测下正确率，答案和解析将呈现在最后。

来源：成都新东方 易经纬

　　Recap：阅读选项常见5雷点

　　1. 范围↑或↓

　　2. 极端词e.g. only;最高级

　　3. 比较级，more…than… ; as…as

　　4. 时间顺序e.g.(先后颠倒or无中生有)

　　5. 程度/频率(与原文不符)

　　例题1：TPO42–3 Callisto and Ganymede

　　句子简化题：

　　In thinking of ice so far from the Sun, it is important not to judge its behavior from that of the much warmer ice we know on Earth; at the temperatures of the outer solar system, ice on the surface is nearly as hard as rock, and behaves similarly.

　　A. It should not be assumed that surface ice has the same characteristics wherever it is found

　　B. Surface ice and rock are much more similar in temperature in the outer solar system than they are on Earth.

　　C. The further away surface ice is from the Sun, the more its temperature differs from that of the warmer ice on Earth.

　　D. In the cold of the outer solar system, surface ice is so hard that it behaves more like rock than like the warmer ice on Earth.

　　答案：D

　　例题2：TPO39–2 The Extinction of Moa

　　Between 80 and 85 million years ago, Gondwanaland, a giant continent made up of what today is Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and South America, broke up, thus causing what is now New Zealand to become separated from the larger landmass. After the separation, any creature unable to cross a considerable distance of ocean could not migrate to New Zealand. Snakes and most mammals evolved after the separation. Thus there are no New Zealand snakes, and bats, which flew there, and seals, which swam there, were the only mammals on New Zealand when Polynesian settlers (the Maori) arrived there about a thousand years ago.

　　Paragraph 1 supports which of the following inferences about mammal evolution?

　　A. Bats and seals most probably originated in New Zealand and then migrated to other parts of the world.

　　B. Most mammal species were already present in Gondwanaland before it broke up, between 80 to 85 million years ago.

　　C. No mammals that evolved after New Zealand separated from Gondwanaland were able to migrate to New Zealand.

　　D. No mammals evolved from the animals that originally inhabited New Zealand.

　　答案：D

　　怎么样大家做对了吗?如果做对了，下面的文字你就不需要了~ BUT if your face looks like this, 就随我来分析下这两道题是如何“蛊惑众生”的!

　　例题1:迷惑度：⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

　　Tips：句子简化题解题步骤 1 :找逻辑 2. 抓主干 3. 筛选项

　　为了让大家方便回顾思路，这里把原句粘过来：

　　In thinking of ice so far from the Sun, it is important not to judge its behavior from that of the much warmer ice we know on Earth; at the temperatures of the outer solar system, ice on the surface is nearly as hard as rock, and behaves similarly.

　　大家对原句是作何理解的呢?Here is my version : 考虑这些离太阳这么遥远的冰时，不能依按地球上的warmer的冰的特点来判断它们;在外太阳系的温度下，冰就跟石头差不多硬。

　　A中， “不应该假定任何地方发现的冰性状都是相同的”。这个表述乍一看好像没有问题，但是对于句子简化题，始终要选的是对原句的简化版复述，而不是任何推测或过度概括;原文中只比较了外太阳系和地球上的冰，故wherever it is found范围扩大，并且原句中冰和石头的类比也完全丢掉了，排除。B中直译过来是，“外太阳系的冰和石头的温度比地球上的冰和石头更加相似”。原句对比的是地球和外太阳系的冰不同，属于纵向对比，把外太阳系的冰类比为石头，也是为了说明纵向对比的不同;而选项中的“外太阳系的冰和石头，地球上的冰和石头”是无中生有的横向对比，排除。C中，the further away…the more… 此为比较状语从句的重要句型，表示越......越......Umm，脑洞还可以再大一点吗?无中生有。D中，理解重点是more…than…这个表达，除了表达“比......更多”以外，还有一个意思：与其说(than后面的内容)......不如说(more后面的内容)......

　　e.g. He is more diligent than intelligent. 与其说他聪明，不如说他是勤奋。

　　故D直译为：寒冷的外太阳系的冰很硬，与其说像地球上的warmer的冰，不如说它像石头。

　　比对下：考虑这些离太阳这么遥远的冰时，不能依按地球上的warmer的冰的特点来判断它们;在外太阳系的温度下，冰就跟石头差不多硬。

　　是不是感到心里悸动了一下?没错，这就是传说中“初恋的感觉”–答案就是D。

　　例题2:迷惑度：⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

　　这道题每个选项都有貌似踩雷的地方，伪雷点极难识别，究其根本很有可能是原文的理解问题。我们整理一下原文的思路，先要确保我们对原始信息的输入是没问题的。

　　Between 80 and 85 million years ago, Gondwanaland, a giant continent made up of what today is Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and South America, broke up, thus causing what is now New Zealand to become separated from the larger landmass.

　　以上为大背景，新西兰与澳洲大陆分离，理解难度不大，重点在下文。

　　After the separation, any creature unable to cross a considerable distance of ocean could not migrate to New Zealand. Snakes and most mammals evolved after the separation. Thus there are no New Zealand snakes, and bats, which flew there, and seals, which swam there, were the only mammals on New Zealand when Polynesian settlers (the Maori) arrived there about a thousand years ago.

　　大家读懂了吗?那请回答两个问题：

　　1. 新西兰到底有没有蝙蝠和海豹?

　　2. 新西兰没有蛇的原因是什么?

　　划线部分的正确断句可以帮助我们回答第一个问题。Thus there are no New Zealand snakes, /and bats, which flew there, and seals, which swam there, were the only mammals on New Zealand when Polynesian settlers (the Maori) arrived there about a thousand years ago。故，答案是yes，没有蛇，但是有蝙蝠和海豹;怎么过去的呢?飘过去和划水过去的。

　　问题二，请关注上句话中的开头有个thus，所以前文一定交代了原因：After the separation, any creature unable to cross a considerable distance of ocean could not migrate to New Zealand. Snakes and most mammals evolved after the separation. 新西兰大陆分离澳洲之后，任何不能远渡重洋的生物都无法迁移到新西兰去，且蛇和大部分哺乳动物都是在大陆分离发生之后才进化出来，意思就是这些动物本身产生于其他地方，又受到大海的阻隔，就无法从其他地方到达新西兰，蛇就是其中之一。那么新西兰本身一开始有没有动物呢?请大家关注原文中的红色only，当毛利人到达新西兰的时候，仅有的动物就是飘过去和划水过去的bats & seals，所以D. No mammals evolved from the animals that originally inhabited New Zealand. 没有从当地物种进化而来的哺乳动物，正确。

　　Tips

　　evolve：进化(强调变化过程)or 进化出来(强调结果，产生出来);同理，develop 也有这两个意向，需根据语境准确判断。

　　e.g.My skepticism has helped me develop an ability to think independently. 我的怀疑态度使我养成了独立思考的能力，这里就是强调“形成”的结果，而不是指把sth.进一步“发展”。

　　写完这么多，我仿佛也又经历了一次头脑风暴。故，筒子们，量变靠刷题，质变靠精读啊!!!