托福阅读重点词汇语境记忆：Maya Water Problems

　　Porous 多空的；能渗透的

　　原文：But much of the south lies too high above the water table for cenotes or wells to reach down to it. Making matters worse， most of the Yucatan Peninsula consists of karst， a porous sponge-like limestone terrain where rain runs straight into the ground and where little or no surface water remains available. 更要命的是，尤卡坦半岛是由水浊石灰岩构成的，一种多孔海绵型就石灰岩地域，当雨水来临时水会笔直的流入地底并不在地表留下任何水分。

　　强化记忆：

　　Most soils and rocks are porous. 大部分土壤和岩石都是多孔的。

　　Oxford is a rather soft and porous cotton fabric. 牛津布是一种颇为柔软，多孔的棉织布。

　　Sponge 海绵；用海绵擦拭

　　原文：But much of the south lies too high above the water table for cenotes or wells to reach down to it. Making matters worse， most of the Yucatan Peninsula consists of karst， a porous sponge-like limestone terrain where rain runs straight into the ground and where little or no surface water remains available. 更要命的是，尤卡坦半岛是由水浊石灰岩构成的，一种多孔海绵型就石灰岩地域，当雨水来临时水会笔直的流入地底并不在地表留下任何水分。

　　强化记忆：

　　The sponge soaked in the water on the desk. 海绵将书桌上的水吸了进去。

　　I like to sponge myself down in a hot bath. 洗热水澡时我喜欢用海绵擦洗全身。

　　Excavate 挖掘；开凿

　　原文：The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 之所以这么做是因为玛雅人开凿或者改造自然的低地，与此同时通过粉刷低地的地步来堵住水蚀石灰岩的的裂口，再用它来做成水库收集雨水以备旱季之用。

　　强化记忆：

　　They plan to excavate a large hole. 他们计划挖个大洞。

　　I let him excavate around the mine. 我准许他在金矿周围挖掘。

　　Plug 塞住；插入

　　原文：The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 之所以这么做是因为玛雅人开凿或者改造自然的低地，与此同时通过粉刷低地的地步来堵住水蚀石灰岩的的裂口，再用它来做成水库收集雨水以备旱季之用。

　　强化记忆：

　　She put the electric plug into the socket. 她将电插头插到了插座里。

　　You don’t need to plug your ears. The music is not so loud. 你不用塞住耳朵，音乐又不是很吵。

　　Reservoir 水库；蓄水池

　　原文：The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 之所以这么做是因为玛雅人开凿或者改造自然的低地，与此同时通过粉刷低地的地步来堵住水蚀石灰岩的的裂口，再用它来做成水库收集雨水以备旱季之用。

　　强化记忆：

　　They open the sluice gates of reservoir. 他们打开水库的闸门。(sluice闸门)

　　His mind is a reservoir of facts. 他的心是事实的储藏处。

　　Plastered 涂得厚厚的；涂以灰泥

　　原文：The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 之所以这么做是因为玛雅人开凿或者改造自然的低地，与此同时通过粉刷低地的地步来堵住水蚀石灰岩的的裂口，再用它来做成水库收集雨水以备旱季之用。

　　强化记忆：

　　Some cars were plastered with multiple club logos.有些汽车贴着多个俱乐部的标识。

　　Basin 盆地；水域

　　原文：原文：The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 之所以这么做是因为玛雅人开凿或者改造自然的低地，与此同时通过粉刷低地的地步来堵住水蚀石灰岩的的裂口，再用它来做成水库收集雨水以备旱季之用。

　　强化记忆：

　　He washed his hands in a basin. 他在盆子里倒了一些水。

　　The whole river basin is covered with tropical forest. 热带雨林覆盖了整个河流流域。

　　Dike 堤坝；壕沟

　　原文：At the city of Coba the Maya built dikes around a lake in order to raise its level and make their water supply more reliable. 在科巴城市，玛雅人绕着湖泊筑起堤坝以提升水位，确保他们有足够的水可用。

　　强化记忆：

　　Fortunately， the flood did not break the dike. 还好，这场大水没有把堤坝冲坏。

　　They dug a dike along walls of the school. 他们沿校墙挖沟。

　　Exhausted 耗尽的；疲惫的

　　原文：A shorter drought in which they exhausted their stored food supplies might already have gotten them in deep trouble， because growing crops required rain rather than reservoirs. 即使是较短的旱季他们耗费掉所储存的食物供应或许已经成为更深层次的问题，因为作物的生长需要雨水要远比水库的多。

　　强化记忆：

　　Fuel supplies are nearly exhausted. 燃料几乎要耗尽了。

　　My patience is exhausted. 我没有耐性了。