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托福阅读三大重要的标点符号

2015-01-21 17:25:35来源:网络

行修饰或者解释,作用相当于一个括号。考生就可以利用破折号之间的解释来理解主句中的某个概念。例如:

  ① This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.

  The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. Clearly

  B. Perhaps

  C. Frequently

  D. Almost

  解析:这是TPO 3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer 中的一道词汇题,单词所在的原句中出现了两个破折号,可以判断破折号之间的是插入语,且插入语中出现了短语“that is”。根据破折号的用法,我们可知“that is”后面的内容是在解释破折号前面的“an almost negligible natural recharge rate”。对于很多考生来说,“an almost negligible natural recharge rate”是个很抽象的概念,但是插入语中的信息就能够帮助其理解这一概念的意思,继而猜出virtually的意思,也就是D选项almost。

  又如:

  ② Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.

  ③ From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained only a low level of manganese.

  解析:在这两句话中,破折号内部的信息是同样是在进行解释和说明,帮助我们理解sedimentation和pigment的这两个词的意思。

  另外需要注意的一点是,插入语中的信息虽然能够帮助考生理解破折号前面句子的意思,但是也很容易干扰考生对句子主干的把握。考生在遇到这样的句子时,可以先忽略破折号之间的内容,直接看第二个破折号之后的内容。把握句子的主干之后,再返回来看破折号内的插入语的内容。

  3. 托福阅读中的圆括号(parentheses)

  英语中,圆括号最常见的用法是补充说明和解释生词,它们不同于逗号和破折号的用法,去掉后不会影响句子的理解,但是括号内的信息同样对考生的理解有很大的帮助。例如:

  ① In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater).

  ② Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents.

  ③ They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree.

  解析:以上三句话中的括号都是在起补充说明的作用,很多考生不认识aquifer, Cretaceous以及herbivores这三个单词,但是通过括号内的解释就可以知其大致意思。

  以上就是新东方在线托福小编整理的托福阅读的相关内容,更多资讯敬请访问新东方在线托福频道,祝大家取得理想的成绩!


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