托福写作题型训练之对比类型题解题方法

　　三、对比类型考题解题常犯错误：

　　小伙伴们在写对比类型题目时经常会犯这样一个错误：忽略对比。

　　例如：让在A跟 B之间做选择，假设选择了A, 错误的写法是只写A的好处，而决口不提B,也就是在写作过程中忽略了对比，这样的论证其实是不完整的。完整但论证应该是继写A的好处，同时要提B没有这方面的好处或提B的坏处。下面给一篇对比类型文章的范文：

　　In order to celebrate important events such as graduation or a special birthday, some of them prefer a large party, while others prefer a small party that only close friends and relatives are invited.

　　Delightfully, our everyday life is rife with various kinds of celebrations. When celebrating major events, I prefer to hold a small party with only close friends and relatives invited for the following reasons.

　　Firstly, a small party is less costly. A small party does not require vast place or abundant supply of food and drink, thus helping to save money. For instance, when celebrating my 18th birthday, I chose to hold a small party at home, inviting merely my close friends and relatives. Instead of purchasing a tremendous amount of fast food as well as snacks, I prepared the food and the drink by myself with the assistance of my mother, which significantly lowered my expense. While the party was not held on some grand location, everybody was having a good time, chatting at my cozy home and eating my hand-made deserts. By contrast, had I threw a big party, I would have needed to rent a more spacious place, buy more foods and even have needed to temporarily employ some people to help organize the party, which would be quite costly.

　　Secondly, it is more convenient to organize a small party. Hosting a large party entails a wealth of time and numerous people during the process of preparation before the party and cleaning up after the party. In other words, to organize a large party, one need to invest considerable time and even needs to resort to others’ assistance, which has the potential to disrupt his/her life, thus leading to inconvenience. On the other hand, because there are only a few individuals invited, a small party requires far less time in setting up the place and preparing for food and cleaning up trashes. Considerably less time-consuming and energy consuming, a small party causes far less inconvenience.

　　Thirdly, a small party is more instrumental in promoting close relationship. In a small party in which only a few people are involved, each one can have more time and opportunities to talk with others. Also, since only intimate friends and relatives are invited, both host and guests can feel more comfortable, thus behaving and talking more naturally. All of these advantages of small party help to boost joy and promote relationship. A large party, however, is highly inferior in this aspect. To illustrate, in my high-school graduation celebration party, which was a huge one, I invited approximately 60 people. Theconsequence was that I was so busy introducing people to each other and busy controlling the party so that it would not descend into a mess that I barely had time to talk with my close friends. In the end of the party, I was exhausted and a little disappointed. After that, I realized a small party was, in reality, a more advisable choice.

　　As illustrated above, a small party has more merits of saving money, time and upgrading relationship. Hence, it is a more judicious option than a large party in celebrating major events.

　　上面是一篇典型的对比类型考题的文章，从中可以看出在写此类文章时：

　　1.body paragraph的主题句就要体现对比，例如范文中每一个body 的主题句都有more 或者less这样的比较级词;

　　2.body paragraph的论证部分也要出现对比，例如范文的观点是认为small party 比较好，但在论证时不仅论证small party的好处，同时也提到了big party在相关方面的弊端，两相对比凸显出small party是更好的选择。

　　四、对比类型考题可以采用的论证方式

　　1)a. A有好处1，B没有

　　b. A有好处2，B没有

　　c. A 有好处3，B没有

　　例如，上面的small party，big party就是按照这种论证方式来写的。

　　2)a. B有好处1或2

　　b. A也有好处1或2

　　c. A 还有好处3

　　3)a. A有好处1

　　b. A有好处2

　　c. B 有好处1，但B有坏处1或2

　　在15年接下来的考题中，预计对比类型考题的热度依然不减，希望小伙伴们重视对此类题型的复习，能够掌握对比考题的论证方法，并避免错误论证。