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托福阅读素材:欧洲的岩洞艺术(社会科学篇)

2015-04-29 11:06:53来源:网络

  疑难词:

  Crude n. 原油adj. 粗糙的;天然的

  Excavate v. 挖掘;开凿

  Naturalistic adj.自然的

  Depict v.描述,描绘

  Explicit adj. 明确的;清楚的

  Portray vt. 描绘;扮演

  reindeer n. 驯鹿

  长难句:

  1.The data they present suggest (that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials) such as hides.

  句子类型:表语从句+定语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:The data suggest…

  表语从句: that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials

  定语从句: that the painters preferred for meat and for materials

  翻译:研究显示,绘画者喜欢食用的动物或喜欢用作兽皮的动物是岩洞画中经常被描绘的动物。

  2.In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals (that the painters may have feared the most) because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior.

  句子类型:定语从句+原因状语

  句子拆分:

  主干:The paintings mostly portray animals.

  定语从句: that the painters may have feared the most

  原因状语: because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior.

  翻译:另外,画作中主要描绘了绘画者害怕的动物,它们的体形、速度、与生俱来的武器如长牙和角,以及它们行为的不可预知性都令绘画者感到恐惧。

  3.But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared.

  Motivation动机

  Spear矛、枪;用枪刺

  句子类型:条件状语从句+宾语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:it is difficult to explain…

  if引导的条件状语从句;if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings

  Why引导的宾语从句:why only a few show signs of having been speared

  翻译:如果这幅画的主要动机是为了提高他们的狩猎运气,那就很难解释为什么画的内容里很少有动物被猎捕的画面。

  文章架构:

  第1段:绘画在各大洲出现的时间不同。欧洲人在岩石和悬崖断面上作画的历史更久。

  第2段:研究人员指出西欧洞画的三个主要地点

  第3,4段:绘画的主题大部分都是动物,法国西南部的岩洞画的特殊象征性意义。

  第5段:旧石器时代除了岩洞画外的其他艺术形式。

  文章题材:

  艺术学科---欧洲岩洞艺术

  以上就是我们今天的托福阅读文章及分析,希望大家可以学到相应的托福阅读背景知识。

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