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托福阅读素材:驱动工业革命(社会科学篇)

2015-04-29 12:18:27来源:网络

  疑难词:

  Harness n. 马具vt. 治理;利用

  Reign n. 统治;统治时期vi. 统治;支配

  Machinery n. 机械;机器

  Exploit n. 勋绩;功绩vt. 开发

  Condense vi. 浓缩;凝结

  Embody vt. 体现,使具体化

  Rotary adj. 旋转的,转动的

  Eliminate vt. 消除;排除

  Flickering adj. 闪烁的,摇曳的v. 闪烁(flicker的ing形式)

  Flanged adj. 带凸缘的

  Puff vt. 喷出,张开;使膨胀vi. 膨胀;张开

  长难句:

  1. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and (although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills), it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed (where nature intended them to )and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks (whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons).

  continuous连续的

  abound充满

  textile纺织物;纺织的

  mill工厂;磨碎

  desirable令人满意的

  句子类型:让步状语从句+地点状语从句+条件状语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:the last of these was suited to…and it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed …and water-driven factories had to…

  让步状语:although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills

  地点状语:(where nature intended them to )

  条件状语:(whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons)

  翻译:只有最后一点可以支持连续运作的机器,尽管在Lancashire和Scotland水力资源充足,足以供谷物作坊和纺织品厂使用,它还是存在极大的缺陷:河流流向取决于自然因素,因此,不管地理位置适不适合,水力工厂必须建在河岸。

  2.Early in the eighteenth century, a pump had come into use【 in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again (when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum.)】

  句子类型:定语从句+时间状语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:A pump had come into use.

  定语从句:【】内容

  时间状语从句:when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum

  翻译:在18世纪早期,泵曾被用于在气缸中使蒸汽推动活塞,气缸内部的蒸汽被压缩形成真空环境,大气压又使得活塞下降。

  3.The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, (which made possible deeper and deeper mining.)

  句子类型:定语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:The engine eliminated water in the mines.

  定语从句: which made possible deeper and deeper mining

  翻译:通过驱动高效率的泵,引擎可将矿井中的水排出,矿井就能挖掘得更深。

  文章标题:

  Powering the Industrial Revolution

  A型

  文章架构:

  第1段:蒸汽机出现之前,动力的介绍。

  第2段:蒸汽机的工作原理,缺陷,及瓦特对它的改良。

  第3、4段:蒸汽机的使用使得许多领域效率提高,蒸汽机在多个领域得到广泛的使用。

  文章题材:

  社会科学类—工业革命中的蒸汽机发展及对工业影响。

  以上就是我们今天的托福阅读文章及分析,希望大家可以学到相应的托福阅读背景知识。


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