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托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分

2016-04-18 15:54:00来源:网络

  以上介绍的是句子成分中的前两个:主语和谓语,接下来则主要针对剩下的七个句子成分进行详细讲解。

  3.宾语,可以放在介词后边或者动词后边,即介宾和动宾。介宾结构相对简单些,比如in the classroom,其中classroom做的就是宾语成分。一般做宾语的主要有以下几种:名词,代词,动名词doing,数词,the+ adj./done,特殊疑问词+不定式do,宾语从句。一般情况下,除了从句以外,能做主语的都可以做宾语。例如,

  ○1.Perhaps dinosaurs could not tolerate these extreme temperature changes and became extinct. (名词作宾语成分)

  ○2.The data provide nothing useful for further study. (不定代词做做宾语)

  ○3Many businessmen avoid being influenced by the economic downturn.

  ○4In China, most people doesn't like four, because it is believed to bring bad luck for them. (数词做宾语)

  ○5The government encourage the retired to do some volunteer work in the community. (the +done做宾语)

  ○6None of the tourists knows where to go now. (where+ to do)

  ○7Scientists hypothesized that a single asteroid collided with earth.(从句)

  4. 表语成分则需要放在系动词之后,通常做表语的有:名词,形容词,代词,动名词,不定式to do,介宾结构,副词,数词,the+ adj./done,表语从句。

  名词作表语:Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.

  形容词做表语:It is hard to understand why they would not be affected.

  代词做表语:This is all that I could do for you.

  动名词做表语:The mechanic's job is repairing all kinds of vehicles.

  不定式做表语:What they should do is to adapt to the new environment.

  介宾结构做表语:A bunch of flowers is on the table.

  副词做表语:The sun is up. Nobody is in. I will be back soon.

  数词做表语:My lucky number is five.

  The+ adj./done做表语:The injured were taken to the hospital.

  表语从句做表语:What we want to know is whether there are lives on other planets.

  5. 定语在语法中是相当重要的,不论是托福中的哪一个单项,都离不开定语的应用,所以希望学生们一定要争取全面理解并掌握这一语法现象。通俗的来说,定语翻译成汉语就是"的",即用于修饰和限制名词的。其中又分成前置定语和后置定语,定语放在被修饰的成分前边就是前置,反之则是后置。可以做定语的有很多:名词,形容词,介宾结构,数词,现在分词doing,过去分词done,不定式to do,定语从句。接下来会重点讲解。

  名词作定语时,多数用它的单数形式,例如:an office building(办公楼);the beauty contest(选美大赛);the information age(信息时代);generation gap(代沟);credit card(明信片)

  形容词做定语有前置和后置之分,例如:exciting news;a brilliant boy;一般以a-开头的形容词被称为表语形容词,需要做后置定语,I have no time available.(可以利用的时间,做后置), the light ahead (前面的灯),类似的词语还有alone, asleep, 等等。

  介宾结构做后置定语,a boy in a hat(戴帽子的小男孩),The books on the shelf belong to the old man. The lady in red is our new teacher.

  数词做定语,Three thousand students attend the lecture.

  现在分词做定语,a developing country(发展中国家),a swimming pool,此为前置定语。The man standing under the tree did me a favor yesterday.(在本句话中standing under the tree是现在分词做的后置定语,修饰的是the man。因为the man和stand是主动关系,所以要用现在分词。)

  过去分词做定语,fallen leaves(落叶),the frozen meat,此为后置定语。The problem discussed in the meeting has not been solved yet. (本句话中discussed in the meeting 是过去分词做后置定语,修饰the problem。因为the problem和discuss是被动关系,所以要用过去分词。)

  不定式做后置定语,We have a lot of things to do when it comes to the environment.

  定语从句做定语,The desert, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing .

  以上讲解的是所有可以宾语、表语和定语的情况,并列举了相应的例句来结合理解,除此之外,考生还需要在备考的过程中,就TPO真题的篇章进项一定量的整套分析。

  以上就是新东方在线托福网为你带来的托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线托福网。


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