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托福阅读解析(20161029)

2016-10-31 12:53:22来源:网络

  托福阅读难点解析

  三篇文章,一文二理(美国历史+生物+地球科学)。难点体现在文科语言的抽象复杂(长难句),以及理科原理的阐明,需要前后整体阅读综合理解,搞清事物发展的来龙去脉。

  考句1

  If steamboats and canals boosted the market access, and hence the profitability, of vast sections of the continent, the railroad generalized this process by expanding the area of land that could be profitably exploited almost to infinity.

  解析:这是第2篇文章“交通和美国的发展”的句子简化题所在句。首先需要解决句中标红的单词:generalized推广普及,当然也有概括总结的意思,但需根据语境选取恰当意思“推广普及”;infinity无限大。然后,在句意联结中需要将逗号后的“of vast sections…”与更前面的“the market access”相连,而不是与就近的“and hence the profitability”相连。

  整句话意思是:如果蒸汽船和运河推动了北美大陆大片地区的市场连接,并因此推动了这些大片地区的利润增长,那么铁路,则通过扩大这些(很可能被开发利用至无穷大利益的)土地面积,推广普及了这一市场连接和利润增长的过程。

  注意:这句话最难在于对generalized的词义理解,要学会根据语境取恰当意思。同理,看以下两个考句,体会句中标红单词。

  考句2

  The enormous financial success of this line spawned imitators and encouraged governments to support railroad building.

  解析:注意这句话中spawned意思的理解。原意是鱼虾产卵,在这里指大量激发、引起。

  考句3

  The enormous transport needs of the United States found their outlet in the railroad.

  考句4

  The traditional view notwithstanding, it probably did not happen that way…Once the Earth embryo was the size of Mercury, any incoming rock, be it the size of an asteroid or a small planet, would be accelerated to such a terrific velocity by Earth’s gravity that on impact it would shatter and melt or even vaporize...

  解析:注意理科文章原理的阐明,需前后联系、整体阅读,搞清事物发展的来龙去脉。例如第3篇文章最后一段,解释地球海洋形成的最新原理,只读开头第一句话“The traditional view notwithstanding, it probably did not happen that way.”仍然无法理解,需向下文看去,读完整段才明白。这里,段间也夹杂着长难句。最难的是其中“be it the size of an asteroid or a small planet”的理解,是省略whether的条件句将谓语提前,补全省略内容还原语序为:whether it is the size of an asteroid or a small planet;然后注意“such…that…”完整意群的理解(如此…以致于)。最后段尾表明作者观点的一句“If Earth formed from colliding embryos, it formed not cold but hot, and , assuming there was water trapped in the rock, it formed wet, right from the beginning.”也需结合前面原因加以理解。


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