科学美国人60秒:候选人低沉嗓音有助于选举-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　What makes a successful politician? 是什么造就一名成功的政治家?

　　Experience? Skill? Charisma? 是经验?技巧?抑或是个人魅力?

　　Perhaps you were searching for these traits while watching the recent Republican presidential debate. 可能在观看最近的共和党总统候选人唇枪舌剑辩论时你也会寻找他们的这些特质。

　　But what you might not have thought about was how your perception of the candidates could be influenced by their voices. 但令你始料未及的是，可能是这些候选人的声音影响了你对他们的感觉。

　　In two recently published studies, researchers looked at how the pitch of a candidate’s voice affected their chances in an election. 在最近的两项研究中，研究人员们对候选人声音的高低对自己在选举中机会产生的影响进行了研究。

　　The first study found that in the 2012 U.S. House elections candidates with lower voices were more likely than a higherpitched opponent to win. 第一项研究发现在2012年白宫的选战，声音较低的候选人有更高的获胜的几率。

　　With one exception: 但有一项特例:

　　when running against a female opponent, candidates with higher voices were more popular, especially if they were men. 当同女性竞争的时候，声音较高则会更受欢迎，男性候选人在这方面更占优势。

　　That study is in the journal Political Psychology. 这项研究已经在《政治心理学》杂志上发表。

　　In the second study, researchers wanted to know why a deep voice was a potent political tool. 而在第二项研究中，研究者们想要弄清楚为何深沉的嗓音会成为强有力的政治工具。

　　They recorded men and women speaking the sentence 他们记录下女性和男性在讲述下面这句话时的声音：

　　I urge you to vote for me this November. 我希望今年11月份能有你们的投票。

　　They then altered the recordings to create higher and lower pitched versions of each sentence. 而后研究者们改变这些声音创造这句话高低两个不同版本。

　　More than 800 volunteers listened to the audio. 超过800多名志愿者都听到了这句话。

　　Their preference for lower-pitched voices correlated with their preconception that these individuals were older, stronger and more competent. 他们更偏爱低沉嗓音的说话人，他们认为发出这种声音的人年龄更大，身体更强壮、而且更有能力。

　　This study is in the journal PLoS ONE. 这研究已经《PLoS ONE》杂志上发表。

　　The researchers note that a preference for leaders with deeper voices may be the result of so-called cavemen instincts. 研究者们指出对这种低沉嗓音的偏爱可能是因为洞穴人本能所致。

　　A deep voice is associated with high testosterone, physical strength and aggression. 低沉嗓音与高睾酮、体力以及自身的攻击性有关。

　　And way back when, those qualities were probably attractive in a leader. 但反过来看，这样的特征会造就一位非常吸引人的领袖。

　　High-pitched voices also are thought to convey negative emotions, such as stress and fear. 而尖锐声音可能会包含一些如压力和恐慌的负面情绪。

　　We like to think that we consider our electoral options carefully, and base our decisions on conscious, rational judgments. 我们希望自己能认真选出各位候选人，根据理性判断做出决定。

　　But it may be a candidate’s height, attractiveness or voice that play outsized roles when we go to the polls. 但是在投票的那一刻，那位候选人的身高、魅力或声音会造成我们内心天平的倾斜。

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