科学美国人60秒:被偷象牙有助发现偷猎热区-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　There are about 50,000 elephants a year being killed right now with only about 450,000 left in Africa. 每年大约有5万只大象被杀害，现在非洲只剩45万只大象。

　　Samuel Wasser, director of the Center for Conservation Biology at the University of Washington. 萨穆埃尔·瓦瑟尔是华盛顿大学保护生物学中心的主任。

　　And one of the complexities of this problem is dealing with this transnational organized crime, where you have these sophisticated networks of criminal entities that are experts at moving contraband from one place to another without it being detected. 需要解决这个问题的一大难关就是应对有组织的跨国犯罪团体，这些都是具复杂的网络实体，可以在无人知晓的情况下将违禁品从一地运往另一地。

　　Wasser spoke February 14th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C. 在2月14日华盛顿特区的美国科学促进协会年会上瓦瑟尔发表讲话。

　　What we have done is we’ve tried to focus our attention using genetics to determine the source of the actual poaching and to figure out how many major source populations are there. 我们已将注意力转移到运用遗传学来确定真正的偷猎来源，并找出主要偷猎者。

　　Because in doing that you can potentially focus law enforcement on those areas… 因为这样做可以让法律部门关注这些地区...

　　Now the way that we focus on this work is we use DNA from large ivory seizures…worth a minimum of a million dollars…and that is the seizures that bear the signature of large organized crime syndicates… 现在我们的工作重点是通过使用价值至少100万美元大量被扣押象牙的DNA寻找大型有组织犯罪集团的特征。

　　The work we published in Science last July showed that virtually 100 percent of all large ivory seizures that we analyzed in the last decade came from really just two locations. 我们去年7月在《科学》杂志上的文章显示我们所分析过去10年的象牙中，几乎都来自两个地方。

　　Twenty-two percent of the ivory was made up of forest elephant ivory, and that came from an area we call the Tridem, which is the northeast corner of Gabon and northwest corner of Congo. 22%的象牙是来自森林大象，这个地区是位于加莱东北角及刚果西北角的特里德姆。

　　And 78 percent of the ivory was savannah ivory, and that all came from Tanzania and the areas just bordering Tanzania. 而剩余78%的象牙是萨凡纳象牙，它们来自坦桑尼亚及与坦桑尼亚接壤的边境地区。

　　So Tanzania clearly is the biggest hotspot that we have encountered in this trade… 因此，很明显的是，坦桑尼亚是我们这次交易中的关注热点。

　　One of the things that this suggests is that the number of kingpins driving this trade are relatively few because so much of this big trade is focused in one area... 这表明贸易的幕后黑手数量非常少，因为，很多这样大型的交易只集中在一个地区…

　　Our work has already brought down one of the largest ivory dealers in West Africa. 我们的工作已经取缔西非其中一位最大的象牙贸易经销商。

　　We are now hot on the trail of probably the largest ivory dealer in Africa. 我们现在正在追寻非洲可能是最大象牙贸易商的蛛丝马迹。

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