科学美国人60秒:视力和重碳酸盐的微妙关系-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　Most carbon dioxide that travels from your muscles to your lungs for exhalation does so not as CO2 proper, but as part of bicarbonate: 从肌肉组织到肺部呼出的绝大多数二氧化碳并非以自身形式，而是以一部分重碳酸盐的形式存在：

　　HCO?—Bicarbonate's vital to maintaining your blood pH, and it also aids in digestion. HCO?，即重碳酸盐对于维持你身体血液的PH值至关重要，而且还能帮助消化。

　　But it turns out bicarbonate also tweaks the activity of rod cells in your retina. 但是研究显示重碳酸盐也能调整视网膜中视杆细胞的活性。

　　In everyday vision, photons flood your rod cells, setting off a chemical cascade that eventually translates into an electrical message about what you saw. 在每天的用眼中，充斥着视杆细胞的光子引发的一种化学级联反应最终能把你所看到的转化成电信号信息。

　　But in lab tests, higher than normal levels of bicarbonate allow the rods to recover from that photon response 30 percent faster. 但在实验室所进行的检测表明比正常含量高一些的重碳酸盐能使视杆细胞从光子反应中恢复的速度提高30%。

　　A 30 percent higher refresh rate, essentially—meaning your ability to detect movement would improve. 这30%的恢复率意义重大，这意味着你能提高对周围物体移动的探测能力。

　　The downside? 那不利因素在哪里?

　　This rapid reset of the rod cells means they're less sensitive to light. 这种视杆细胞的快速重新启动会造成对光不是那么敏感。

　　If you're sitting in darkness and you turned on a steady light, it might now take brighter light for you to say,I can see that. 如果你身处黑暗环境，然后你打开一种稳定光源，现在接受这种较强光线的你，可以说我能看得到。

　　Study author Clint Makino, of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Med School. 这项研究的作者是马塞诸塞州眼耳诊所以及哈佛医学院的克林特?玛克诺。

　　Or if the light's already on, it would take a larger increment in intensity for you to say,Ok, it looks brighter now. 或许，如果是已经打开的光源，你需要更长时间接受这种强度后才能说，好吧，现在更亮了。

　　The results are in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. 这项研究结果已在《生物化学》杂志上发表。

　　Makino says heavy exercise—which causes a boost in CO2—might even alter the body's bicarbonate enough to trigger a measurable effect on the eye. 玛克诺表示使得二氧化碳增加的剧烈运动会也许甚至会转化身体里更多的重碳酸盐从而引发对眼睛可测量的影响。

　　I don't think it's known whether your vision changes under conditions of vigorous exercise. 我认为你的视觉成像在有力的运动锻炼条件下不会发生变化。

　　So that'll be an interesting question for the experimental psychologists and the psychophysicists. 因此实验心理学家和精神生理学家会对这个问题很感兴趣。

　　And if you're eyeing your club soda as a shortcut to CO2? 并且你是否正看着俱乐部里的苏打水，觉得是摄入二氧化碳的捷径呢?

　　He says most of those bubbles never make it past the belch. 他表示绝大多数这种气体通过打嗝是排不出来的。

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