科学美国人60秒:大迁徙阻碍长寿生活-托福听力下载

　　科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

　　Southern Blacks who migrated north during the Jim Crow era may have avoided some social ills and done better financially than their counterparts who stayed behind 早在吉姆·克罗时代，移民到北方的南方黑人们也许已经躲过了一些社会疾病并且在经济状况比没跟上的同胞们要稍微好一些。

　　but they were also more likely to die sooner. 但是他们仍然难逃过早死亡的厄运。

　　That's according to a study in the journal American Economic Review. 这是根据在《美国经济评论》杂志上的发表的研究所得出的结论。

　　In what historians call the Great Migration, some six million Blacks moved from the rural South to largely urban parts of the North and West. 在被历史学家们誉为“大迁徙”的那个阶段，大约有600万黑人从偏远的南部迁到北部和西部的大城市。

　　The period is considered to extend from 1910 to 1970. 这个时期被认为从1910年延伸到1970年。

　　For the study, researchers looked at Social Security records of one million of the migrants born between 1916 and 1932 in eight states in the Deep South. 而对于这项研究，研究人员们对1916到1932年间在南部8个州大约100万移民的社保资料进行了研究。

　　They found that if a black man lived to age 65 and remained in the South, his chances of reaching 70 were 82.5 percent. 他们发现如果一个黑人男性能活到65岁而且是一直在南部地区生活，他大约有82.5%的几率能活到70岁。

　　If he migrated, those chances went down to 75 percent. 如果他是迁徙过来，这个数字会降至75%。

　　For black women who lived to 65, there was a likelihood of 90 percent that she would live to 70 if she remained in the South. 对于活到65岁的黑人女性而言，有90%的几率能活到70岁，前提是她一直生活在南部。

　　If she had migrated, the odds of an additional five years of survival fell to 85 percent. 如果她迁徙过来，可以获得额外5年寿命的几率会降到85%。

　　The reasons for the decreased longevity in the North remain unproven. 北方造成寿命下降的原因目前尚不清楚。

　　But records show that migrants died at higher rates from cirrhosis and pulmonary illnesses, which are linked to drinking and smoking. 但有记录显示造成这些移民死亡率较高疾病的肝硬化和肺部疾病都与饮酒和吸烟有关。

　　The new Northerners may also have been affected by industrial pollution, cold weather and the contagious diseases that tend to accompany urban population density. 这些新南部居民也许受到工业污染，冷空气及有传染性的疾病影响，而这些因素都是与城市人口密度有关。

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