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托福阅读送分题型词汇题得分秘诀

2017-03-10 14:36:26来源:新东方 戚宵睿

  句子内部:

  TPO 2-1

  3. There is little doubt, however,that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.

  The word delicate in the passage isclosest in meaning to

  A. fragile B. predictable C. complex D. valuable

  解析:exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures中,delicate是用来修饰ecological balance的,后面紧跟着有个“and”,因此其语气应该和后面的limited in the potential 一致。Limited是个常规词汇,意为有限的,语气为负面的,那么作为并列delicate也应该是负面的语气,用来修饰生态平衡,那么答案为A,脆弱的生态平衡。

  TPO2-2

  16. Although limited to askull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

  The word precious in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. Exact B. Scarce C. Valuable D. Initial

  解析:precious所在的句子的主句与其从句因为although呈现出转折的逻辑关系,所以precious的语气和词义应该与limited相反。limited为有限的,语气为负面,所以precious的语气应为正面的积极的,答案为C,意为有价值的。

  7. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.

  The phrase devoid of in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. Consisting of B. Hidden by C. Except for D. Lacking in

  解析:devoid所在的主句与从句因为since逻辑关系为因果,被我们划为同义重申。那么从句句意为因为绝大多数的庄稼的培植必须事先移除土地的自然植被,所以主句说一旦庄稼种植失败,就留下了大面积的土地devoid植物的覆盖,当然是没有植物的覆盖了,所以答案为D。当然还可以根据主句内部的and判断出与and后面的句意的逻辑关系为并列,后面说susceptible to wind and the water erosion容易受到风和水的腐蚀,可以判断出前文应该是没有植物的覆盖,答案为D。但是susceptible to这个词汇很多同学都不认识,所以还是前一种方法对于此题更可行。

  句与句之间:

  DELTA EXERCISE

  Cool has with stood the fleeting nature of most slang. As a modifier, as a noun,and as a verb,cool has been around along time.

  The word “fleeting”in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. Temporary B. Youthful C. Emotional D. Popular

  解析:fleeting这句和后一句的逻辑关系为同义重申,因为后一句开头没有转折。后一句讲到cool已经存在很长的时间了,所以讲的是时间的范畴,那么选项应该也是时间的。A和B都有点和时间有关联。但是因为第一句有with stood词义为禁得住,第一句的句意为绝大多数俚语有着一个特质即为fleeting,而cool却经受住了这样的考验。加上后句讲存在了很长的时间,结合起来也就是说cool经受住了俚语随时间快速消逝的考验,所以答案为A,短暂的。简而言之,别的俚语都很快就消逝了,而cool却流传下来。

  TPO3-3

  38. Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St Helens, in the north-western United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.

  The word pales in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. Increases proportionally B.Differs

  C. Loses significance D. Is common

  解析:pales所在的句子一开头并没有转折词汇出现,所以与前一句的逻辑关系为同义重申,因此重点在于读懂前一句的句意。前一句为:生态学家特别想知道是哪些因素导致了群落的复苏,因为全世界的顶级群落都正在被人类的活动所严重破坏。请宝宝们注意严重这个词。pales所在的句子紧接着就举例了,结果举了个大自然活动的破坏的例子,并把大自然活动的破坏和人类互动的破坏放在一起比较,根据同义重申的逻辑关系,应该是人类活动的破坏性很严重,那么正话反说,大自然活动的破坏性就没有人类活动的破坏性强。所以答案为C,没那么严重。

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