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新托福阅读背景知识:早期地球大气和海洋

2017-04-24 14:42:28来源：新东方在线整理

　　The Age of the Earth

　　From a creationist perspective, it would be extremely valuable to thoroughly explore these ice-core data. We would not assume that the precipitation rate has always been similar to that of today. We would expect considerably higher precipitation rates immediately following the Flood. The layers of ice near the bottom of the core should be thicker than expected by the uniformitarian model and contain unusual excursions in ð18O, acidity, and particulates from levels higher in the core. The "annual" layers deep in the Greenland ice sheet may be related to individual storms rather than seasonal accumulations. If these evidences are found, direct information on conditions following the Flood would be available to us.

　　Nothing in the ice-core data from either Greenland or Antarctica requires the earth to be of great age. In fact, there are good reasons to believe that the ice cores are revealing important information about conditions following the Flood of Genesis and the recent formation of thick ice sheets. Reports of ice-core data containing records of climatic changes as far back as 160,000 years in the past are dependent upon interpretations of these data which could be seriously wrong, if the Genesis Flood occurred as described in the Bible. Further research on ice-core data should be a high priority for creationist researchers.

　　REFERENCES

　　Barnola, J.M., D. Raynaud, Y.S. Korotkevich, and C. Lorius, 1987. "Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide." Nature, 329:408.

　　Bloomberg, R., 1989. "WW II planes to be deiced." Engineering Report, March 9.

　　Epstein, S., R.P. Sharp, and A.J. Gow, 1965. "Six-year record of oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in south pole fire." Journal of Geophysical Research, 70:1809.

　　Hammer, C.U., H.B. Clausen, W. Dansgaard, N. Gundestrup, S.J. Johnsen, and N. Reeh, 1978. "Dating of Greenland ice cores by flow models, isotopes, volcanic debris, and continental dust." Journal of Glaciology, 20:3.

　　Hammer, C.U., H.B. Clausen, and W. Dansgaard, 1980. "Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial vulcanism and its climate impact." Nature, 288:230.

　　Johnsen, S.J., W. Dansgeard, and H.B. Clausen, 1972. "Oxygen isotope profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets." Nature, 235:429.

　　Jouzel, J. and L. Merlivat, 1984. "Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation: modeling of the isotopic effects during snow formation." Journal of Geophysical Research, 89:11, 749.

　　Jonzel, J., C. Lorius, J.R. Petit, C. Genthon, N.I. Barkov, M. Kotlyakov, and M. Petrov, 1987. "Vostok ice core: a continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160,000 years)." Nature, 329:403.

　　Lorius, C., L. Merlivat, J. Jonzel, and M. Pourchet, 1979. "A 30,000-yr isotope climatic record from Antarctic ice." Nature, 280:644.

　　Lorius, C., J. Jouzel, C. Ritz, L. Merlivat, N.I. Barkov, Y.S. Korotkevich, and V.M. Kotlyakov, 1985. "A 160,000-year climatic record from Antarctic ice." Nature, 316:591.

　　Oard, M.J., 1990. "An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood." ICR Monograph, 243 pp.

　　* Dr. Larry Vardiman is Chairman of the ICR Physics Department.

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本文关键字: 2017年4月23日托福 托福阅读考试回忆

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