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托福阅读怎么做精读

2018-05-25 16:16:46来源:网络

  第一部分:an important stimulus behind the rise of early civilizations was the development of settled agriculture

  直译:有一个重要的刺激在早期文明兴起的背后是定居农业的发展。

  解读:定居农业的发展刺激了早期文明。

  “刺激”是隐含的因果逻辑词,故该句我们可以分析为:因为定居农业的发展,所以早期文明兴起了。

  第一部分可以概括成为:定居农业→早期文明

  第二部分:which unleashed a series of changes in the organization of human communities

  直译:这就使得在人类社群的组织形式出现了一系列地变化。

  解读:前面的事情促使了组织形式发生变化。

  第二部分可以概括成为:→组织形式变化

  第三部分:that culminated in the rise of large ancient empires

  直译:最终出现了古代帝国

  解读:发展到最后产生了帝国

  第三部分可以概括为:→帝国

  整合整个段落发现,其实这就是一个发展结构文章的总起段落,讲述了后面文章所阐述的逻辑,即:定居农业→早期文明→组织形式变化→帝国

  分割线

  接下来我们再来分析一个段落

  TPO16 Planets in Our Solar System 第三段

  The most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets is their size. The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and its mass is only one seventeenth as great. Hence, the Jovian planets are often called giants. Also, because of their relative locations, the four Jovian planets are known as the outer planets, while the terrestrial planets are known as the inner planets. There appears to be a correlation between the positions of these planets and their sizes.

  【词】

  terrestrial 地球的

  Jovian 木星的

  Neptune 海王星

  mass 质量

  hence 因此

  correlation 相互关系

  注意:Jovian、Neptune这类专有名词不需要过度记忆,只需要了解即可。

  【句】

  The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and its mass is only one seventeenth as great.

  这一句话乍一看只是一个比较逻辑很简单,但仔细阅读就会发现后半句“its mass is only one seventeenth as great”为省略句。这种现象在托福阅读中很常见。省略的核心原则是通过上下文阅读可以知道全部信息、与前文结构相同则重复的地方可以省略。

  句子的前半句为“The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune”

  所以后半句中,its指代的是前半句的主语Earth,而as great后面应该补充的是“as the mass of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune”

  那么补全整个句子为“The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and the mass of Earth is only one seventeenth as great as the mass of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune.”

  【段】

  第1句:The most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets is their size.

  第一个意群的主旨句

  第2句:The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and its mass is only one seventeenth as great.

  对上一句的主旨进行解释说明

  第3句:Hence, the Jovian planets are often called giants.

  总结第一个意群

  第4句:Also, because of their relative locations, the four Jovian planets are known as the outer planets, while the terrestrial planets are known as the inner planets.

  由Also开头,引出第二个意群

  第5句:There appears to be a correlation between the positions of these planets and their sizes.

  陈述第一、二意群的关系。

  整个段落就可以总结为:

  第1-3句:类地行星小,类木行星大。

  第4句:类地行星近,类木行星远。

  第5句:大小与远近之间存在相互关系。

  分割线

  通过上面两个段落讲解是不是对精读有了更深层次的了解呢?快快操练起来吧!

  总结:阅读能力,归根到底就是可以把一维的文字转换为二维逻辑图形的能力。我们要多精读,多分析,对词敏感,对结构敏感,对逻辑敏感,这样就可以踩到所有的重点,有目标地读下去。这样才是真的读懂了,才会做对题目。

  以上就是为大家整理的“托福阅读怎么做精读”,更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!

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