托福写作备考技巧全解析

　　要求与综合写作一样。另补两点：

　　1.仔细阅读问题，一定要答为所问。在开始写作之间，一定要花点时间理解问题，明确要求你做的是什么。

　　2.写任何概括性句子，都要提供论据支持。对任何概括性句子，你都应举出例子、原因、事实或个人信息予以支持。

　　附：托福写作的结构秘诀

　　托福写作的文章结构一般来说，是五段三点式，也就是考生所熟知的鱼骨头(Fish Bone)式。这样的托福写作的文章结构就是最为普遍的议论文结构，开头段+中间三段+结尾段。考生们可不要小看这样的托福写作的文章结构，觉得它过于简单。

　　实际上，托福写作考查的就是托福考生是否能熟练运用这样的托福写作的文章结构来表达自己对一个观点的看法。因此，在准备托福写作的时候，托福考生们应该特别注意要熟练运用五段三点式这样的结构。

　　★ 开头段

　　首先，一个良好的开端是非常重要的，开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法(Background)， 争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。

　　以背景法为例。背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景或者是由远到近，由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。

　　背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+作者的观点+作者的理由

　　以2007年8月11日的独立写作试题为例：

　　Technology makes people's lives more complicated.

　　题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题---科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：

　　Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made people's lives more complicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient.

　　第一句话就是一句紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。

　　★ 主体

　　主体段落提供了论证观点的理由，是整个文章的主体，在评分中占有很大的比重。一般来说，一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。

　　每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段，对全文的论点提供理由支持。托福君建议初学者在练习议论文写作时，必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则，这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。这几个简单原则包括：

　　1.每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句;

　　2.支持句必须围绕主题句展开;

　　3.需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落。

　　我们一起来看一下第二条原则：支持句必须围绕主题句展开，仔细看以下这个主体段：

　　Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school.Third, a person's free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.

　　这段话的topic sentence很明显-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”，之后的支持句从三方面阐述hobby的重要性(first, second, third)，但段中这句话"A person can also meet other people by going the school"与hobby重要的原因没有关系，因此削弱了整个段落的连贯性与统一性，应该被去掉。

　　接下来我们再来看看第三条原则：需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落，同样的，请看以下主体段：

　　The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. ‍These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example,‍ in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.

　　The museums provide unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.

　　这是一个成功的主题段，请注意这段话段落细节展开的几种形式-提供事实、举例、个人经历和描述。

　　以上就是为大家整理的“托福写作备考技巧全解析”，更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!