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The Chevalier

Toward the end of his life, the Chevalier de Seingalt (1725−1798) wrote a long memoir recounting his life and adventures. The Chevalier was a somewhat controversial figure, but since he met many famous people, including kings and writers, his memoir has become a valuable historical source about European society in the eighteenth century. However, some critics have raised doubts about the accuracy of the memoir. They claim that the Chevalier distorted or invented many events in the memoir to make his life seem more exciting and glamorous than it really was. For example, in his memoir the Chevalier claims that while living in Switzerland, he was very wealthy, and it is known that he spent a great deal of money there on parties and gambling. However, evidence has recently surfaced that the Chevalier borrowed considerable sums of money from a Swiss merchant. Critics thus argue that if the Chevalier had really been very rich, he would not have needed to borrow money.

Critics are also skeptical about the accuracy of the conversations that the Chevalier records in the memoir between himself and the famous writer Voltaire. No one doubts that the Chevalier and Voltaire met and conversed. However, critics complain that the memoir cannot possibly capture these conversations accurately, because it was written many years after the conversations occurred. Critics point out that it is impossible to remember exact phrases from extended conversations held many years earlier.

Critics have also questioned the memoir’s account of the Chevalier’s escape from a notorious prison in Venice, Italy. He claims to have escaped the Venetian prison by using a piece of metal to make a hole in the ceiling and climbing through the roof. Critics claim that while such a daring escape makes for enjoyable reading, it is more likely that the Chevalier’s jailers were bribed to free him. They point out that the Chevalier had a number of politically well-connected friends in Venice who could have offered a bribe.

Narrator Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Female Professor No memoir can possibly be correct in every detail, but still, the Chevalier’s memoir is pretty accurate overall and is, by and large, a reliable historical source. Let’s look at the accuracy of the three episodes mentioned in the reading.

First, the loan from the merchant: Well, that doesn’t mean that the Chevalier was poor. Let me explain. We know that in Switzerland, the Chevalier spent huge amounts of money on parties and on gambling. And he had wealth, but it was the kind of property you have to sell first to get money. So, it usually took a few days to convert his assets into actual money. So, when he ran out of cash, he had to borrow some while he was waiting for his money to arrive—but that’s not being poor!

Second, the conversations with Voltaire: The Chevalier states in his memoir that each night, immediately after conversing with Voltaire, he wrote down everything he could remember about that particular night’s conversation.Evidently, the Chevalier kept his notes of these conversations for many years and referred to them when writing the memoir. Witnesses who lived with the Chevalier in his later life confirm that he regularly consulted notes and journals when composing the memoir.

Third, the Chevalier’s escape from the prison in Venice: Other prisoners in that prison had even more powerful friends than he did, and none of them were ever able to bribe their way to freedom, so bribery hardly seems likely in his case. The best evidence, though, comes from some old Venetian government documents. They indicate that soon after the Chevalier escaped from the prison, the ceiling of his old prison room had to be repaired. Why would they need to repair a ceiling unless he had escaped exactly as he said he did?

Toward the end of his life, the Chevalier de Seingalt (1725−1798) wrote a long memoir recounting his life and adventures. The Chevalier was a somewhat controversial figure, but since he met many famous people,including kings and writers, his memoir has become a valuable historical source about European society in the eighteenth century. However, some critics have raised doubts about the accuracy of the memoir. They claim that the Chevalier distorted or invented many events in the memoir to make his life seem more exciting and glamorous than it really was.

For example, in his memoir the Chevalier claims that while living in Switzerland, he was very wealthy, and it is known that he spent a great deal of money there on parties and gambling. However, evidence has recently surfaced that the Chevalier borrowed considerable sums of money from a Swiss merchant. Critics thus argue that if the Chevalier had really been very rich, he would not have needed to borrow money.

Critics are also skeptical about the accuracy of the conversations that the Chevalier records in the memoir between himself and the famous writer Voltaire. No one doubts that the Chevalier and Voltaire met and conversed.However, critics complain that the memoir cannot possibly capture these conversations accurately, because it was written many years after the conversations occurred. Critics point out that it is impossible to remember exact phrases from extended conversations held many years earlier.

Critics have also questioned the memoir’s account of the Chevalier’s escape from a notorious prison in Venice, Italy. He claims to have escaped the Venetian prison by using a piece of metal to make a hole in the ceiling and climbing through the roof. Critics claim that while such a daring escape makes for enjoyable reading, it is more likely that the Chevalier’s jailers were bribed to free him. They point out that the Chevalier had a number of politically well-connected friends in Venice who could have offered a bribe.

You will now see a question that asks you to summarize the points made in the lecture and to explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. If this were an actual TOEFL iBT ® test, you would have 20 minutes to write your response. In this practice test,you may write your response and then compare it to the sample responses.

Directions: Read the question below. You have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise your essay.

Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 150-225 words.

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.

托福综合写作范文

Sample Responses

Task 1 – This is a mid-level response.

Giving some logical reasons,the professor is defending the Chevalier;s memoir and making it reliable.She uses sophistications to make the critics convince that their claim on memoir is not true. First of all,she mentions the issue about borrowing some money from a merchant by Chevalier.She thinks the Chevalier was in trouble with cash and he hadnt enough time to prepare it .He hadn't time to sell his own properties and estates to provide the money.so the loan is reasonable and it doesnt show his poverty.Secondly,the critics say that he escaped out the jail by bribing the watchman.But we know that there were more powerful men there in the jail with much more powerful friends and relations that made the escape so easir for them but they weren't able to escape.Therefor,we can accept what the Chevalier have said about the way he could manage to escape from the prison using a piece of metal and digging the ceiling.And the last reason the critics gives on unreliability of the Chevalier's memoir is that the details of the conversation between Chelavier and Voltaire is not truely mentioned in details in the Chelavier's memoir. They believe that there's a long period of time between the time they were conversing and the time Chelavier wrote that on paper.And it is impossible to write the exact talk that was occured at that time.However ,the professor solves the dillema easily.In his point of view,the Chevalier had a chance to get the tool due to the watchmen's come and go to repair the ceiling.

Overall the professor is trying to make his opinion seem to be true.

Rationale: This response is in the medium writing proficiency range. It would probably earn the score of 3 based on the Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric. The writer manages to convey some lecture information in response to the points made in the reading passage, but some ideas are omitted, unclear, or poorly connected. In response to the argument that the Chevalier was poor because we know he had to borrow money, the writer explains that the Chevalier was short on cash but not necessarily poor because he had other assets, which took some time to sell. Second, in response to the reading argument that the Chevalier probably bribed his way out of prison rather than escaping, the writer conveys the argument that other, more powerful men were not able to escape from the same prison. However, the writer does not clearly explain that they were unable to escape through bribery. Finally, the writer summarizes the reading argument that the Chevalier would have been unlikely to remember his conversations with Voltaire so many years later, but then, confusingly, returns to the Chevalier’s escape from the prison. The writer tries to indicate (but not very clearly) that the Chevalier was able to get out of the prison by using the tools of a person who came to repair the ceiling. Apart from not connecting ideas well in this part of the response and not responding to the reading argument about Voltaire, the writer also conveys a very imprecise idea of what the lecturer said about the ceiling repairs. The errors in the use of language are fairly frequent in this response and obscure the meaning of several ideas. A few

examples: “She uses sophistications to make the critics convince”; “powerful friends and relations that made the escape so easier for them but they weren't able to escape”; “he could manage to escape from the prison using a piece of metal and digging the ceiling”; “the last reason the critics gives on unreliability of the Chevalier's memoir is that the details of the conversation between Chelavier and Voltaire is not truely mentioned in details in the Chelavier's memoir.”

Task 1 – This is a high-level response.

The professor starts by saying that no memoir is completely accurate but she believes that the memoir of the Chevalier de Seingalt was fairly accurate and can be used as a valuable hostorical source. Though some critics disagree she is convinced that the memoir is accurate about it's details and has given considerable proof in her lecture.

While living in Switzerland the Chevalier mentions that he was wealthy and that he would indulge in extravaganzas like parties and gambling. The new evidence that the Chevalier did, infact, borrow money from Swiss merchants does not necessarily mean that he was poor. On the contrary the Professor theorizes that the Chevalier had a lot of assets as wealth and it would require time for him to convert the assets into readily useable currency. In such unfortunate circumstances where his vices would require immediate money he would borrow some, for the time being, only to pay them back later. Her theory is logical and sound.

The second piece critics would like to disclaim as true is the count of all conversations with Voltaire which he recorded with accuracy in his memoir which was penned down years later. The professor puts forward the fact that the Chevalier would dutifuly make a note of the entire length of the conversation every night after meeting with Voltaire. Such an act is confirmed by witnesses who saw the Chevalier refer to journals and notes while writing his memoir.

The final piece is the account of the dramatic jail break from Venice where he used a piece of metal to crerate a hole in the roof and then escaped. Such an account, though hard to believe, might actually be true as the Professor points out to some Italian government records dating back to that time which shows repairs being carried out to the cieling of the very same cell in which the Chevalier was imprisoned.

Though it may seem a bit dramatic and over the top, on the outset, the Professor is convinced that the memoirs of the Chevalier were true and accurate and could be used as a historical reference towards eighteenth century Europe.

Rationale: This response is in the high writing proficiency range. It would probably earn the score of 5 based on the Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric. The response is well organized, conveys the important information from all three lecture points, and connects it well with information that was presented in the reading passage. In response to the reading argument that the Chevalier de Seingalt exaggerated his wealth because we know he was forced to borrow money; the writer correctly conveys the lecturer’s argument that the Chevalier needed the loans only because his considerable assets could not always be quickly converted into cash. In response to the argument that the Chevalier could not possibly remember his conversations with Voltaire so many years later, the writer conveys that the Chevalier based his memoirs on extensive notes he took at the time of his conversations with the famous author. Finally, in response to the argument that the Chevalier’s description of his escape from prison through a hole in a ceiling is hard to believe, the writer conveys the argument that the Chevalier’s account is supported by the historical records describing ceiling repairs in the prison where he was held. There are a few minor language errors (“it's details”, “count of all conversations”, “records… which shows repairs being carried out”, “on the outset”) but they do not interfere with meaning in any way. In fact, the writer is very skilled in using sophisticated and accurate paraphrasing to convey the content from the lecture and the passage. A few examples: “he would indulge in extravaganzas like parties and gambling”; “conversations with Voltaire which he recorded with accuracy in his memoir which was penned down years later”; “repairs being carried out to the cieling [ceiling] of the very same cell in which the Chevalier was imprisoned.”

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