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托福听力加试题：英国诗人华兹华斯及其诗歌

2014-12-02 17:01:46来源：网络

　　托福听力加试题：英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯及其诗歌

　　literature主要讲述了18-19世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人物Wordsworth 的诗。他是浪漫主义的鼻祖，但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的(此处出题) 。Romanticism不是我们平时理解的 romance，和男女之间的爱情无关。Romanticism针对的是common people而不是少数educated people， 用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例，说自己在**时感受到了这种互动(此处出题)。与 romanticism 针锋相对的一种风格是 neoclassicism新古典主义，也是那位 romanticism 的鼻祖很反对的。Neoclassicism使用太多的 elaboration，如 sky 不叫 sky，而叫 blue 什么的;bird 不叫 bird，而叫 feathered person。

　　教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。早期的浪漫主义作品，主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。中期时是对一些社会现象的评论。后期时对早期的作品进行修改。目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。(教授还说，Wordsworth的诗越写到后来越糟糕，反而早期的比较好，本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗)。

　　补充资料：

　　ROMANTICISM

　　Romanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature. It emphasizes passion rather than reason, and imagination and intuition rather than logic. Romanticism favors full expression of the emotions, and free, spontaneous action rather than restraint and order.

　　Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.

　　It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.

　　Romanticism in literature. During the Romantic Movement, most writers were discontented with their world. It seemed commercial, inhuman, and standardized. To escape from modern life, the Romantics turned their interest to remote and faraway places, the medieval past, folklore and legends, and nature and the common people. The Romantics were also drawn to the supernatural.

　　WORDSWORTH

　　Wordsworth, William (1770-1850), is considered by many scholars to be the most important English Romantic poet. In 1795, Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The two men collaborated on Lyrical Ballads (1798), a collection of poems frequently regarded as the symbolic beginning of the English Romantic movement.

　　Wordsworth argued that serious poems could describe "situations from common life" and be written in the ordinary language "really used by

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