老托福听力93篇-I understand简介

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　　89

　　I understand your professor has been discussing several Eastern Woodland Indian tribes in your study of Native American cultures. As you have probably learned, the Eastern Woodland Indians get their name from the forest-covered areas of the Eastern United States where they lived. The earliest Woodland cultures date back 9,000 years, but the group we'll focus on dates back only to about 700 A.D. We now call these Native Americans the Mississippian culture, because they settled in the Mississippi River valley. This civilization is known for its flat-topped monuments called temple mounds. They were made of earth and used as temples and official residences. The temple mounds were located in the central square of the city, with the huts of the townspeople built in rows around the plaza. The Mississippian people were city dwellers. But some city residents earned their living as farmers, tending the fields of corn, beans, and squash that surrounded the city. The city's artisans made arrowheads, leather goods, pottery, and jewelry. Traders came from far away to exchange raw materials for these items. In the slides I'm about to show, you will see models of a Mississippian city.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. tribe: n. [C]部落，部族

　　2. Mississippian: adj. 密西西比的

　　3. valley: n. [C]山谷，流域

　　4. flat-topped: adj. 平顶的

　　5. monument: n. [C]纪念碑

　　6. mound: n. [C]坟墩

　　7. temple: n. [C]庙，寺，神殿

　　8. residence: n. [C]住所

　　9. hut: n. [C]小屋，棚屋

　　10. townspeople: n. [C]市民，镇民

　　11. row: n. [C]排

　　12. dweller: n. [C]居住者

　　13. tend: v. 照管，护理

　　14. corn: n. [C]玉米

　　15. bean: n. [C]豆

　　16. squash: n. [C]南瓜

　　17. artisan: n. [C]工匠，技工

　　18. arrowhead: n. [C]箭头

　　19. leather goods: 皮件

　　20. pottery: n. [C]陶器

　　21. jewelry: n. [C]珠宝

　　22. trader: n. [C]商人

　　23. raw: adj. 未加工的(raw material: 原材料)

　　24. item: n. [C]产品

　　90

　　As Dr. Miller mentioned, we're trying to recruit volunteers for the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary. But before I get into the details of the volunteer program, I'd just like to tell you a little about what we do there. One of our main jobs is to keep detailed records of the migration patterns of raptors. For those of you who don't know, raptors are birds of prey, like hawks and eagles. Between August and December, we see around twenty different species migrating from Canada and New England. About 20,000 birds. Part of what attracts them to Hawk Mountain is the location on the East Ridge of the Appalachian Mountains. What happens is that the sun warms the ridge in such a way that air currents are formed. The birds just sort of glide along on the air, so they use up very little energy. As volunteers, you'll be helping us keep accurate counts of the raptors. Any drop in number could mean something's gone wrong in the environment because of pesticides or disease, even hunting. We just had a scare with the broad-winged hawks. Their numbers have dropped drastically over the last ten years. It was suggested that the birds may have changed their migratory route. So for 11 days we had several hundred volunteers—stationed every five miles—to observe and count. And sure enough, they discovered that instead of hugging the Appalachians as they'd always done, the broad-wings were cutting a wide path over the Delaware River. Needless to say, we were greatly relieved.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. recruit: v. 征募，招收

　　2. raptor: n. [C]猛禽，肉食鸟

　　3. prey: n. [C]捕猎，捕食;猎物

　　4. hawk: n. [C]鹰

　　5. eagle: n. [C]鹰

　　6. East Ridge:

　　7. Appalachian: 阿巴拉契亚的

　　8. ridge: n. [C]山脊

　　9. current: n. [C]气流

　　10. glide: v. 滑行，滑翔

　　11. pesticide: n. [C]杀虫剂

　　12. scare: n. [C]恐惧

　　13. station: v. 驻扎

　　14. relieved: adj. 放心的

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