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老托福听力93篇-we've probably简介

2015-02-08 20:31:09来源：网络

　　新东方在线为大家精心整理了老托福听力93篇-we've probably简介的相关内容,分享给大家,供大家参考,希望对大家有所帮助!

　　75

　　We've probably all wondered how a new word gets into the dictionary. Take the word "doofus," for example, spelled d-o-o-f-u-s, meaning a stupid or incompetent person. This word, which has been around since the late 1960's in a slang sense, made it into the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary only in 1993. Why did it take so long? Well, first of all, dictionary editors like to wait at least three years to be sure a word is going to last, especially a slang word. They don't want to put in a new word prematurely and then have to take it out in the next edition. But even for words that aren't slang, getting into the dictionary isn't easy. New words have to pass a lot of editorial tests, including how difficult or easy they are to look up. There's also a limit to how thick a dictionary can be or how small its type can get before people feel they don't want to use it. Some words have to come out before others can go in. The Collegiate Dictionary adds about ten thousand words to every edition, but it takes out only a few hundred, so choices have to be made very carefully.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. incompetent: adj. 不能胜任的，无能力的

　　2. slang: n. 俚语

　　3. prematurely: adv. 过早地，早熟地

　　4. editorial: adj. 编辑的

　　76

　　Did you ever wonder why it is that most people are "programmed" to sleep at night instead of during the day? If there's something about the cycle of light and dark that's telling us when to sleep, then shouldn't the sleep cycle of a blind person be different? As it turns out, many blind people—people with no visual perception of light at all—do have the same sleep cycle as sighted people. So now you're wondering, "How can this happen?" The answer is: hormones, one hormone in particular. It's called melatonin. In sighted people, the level of melatonin goes up at night, or when it's dark, and goes down in the day, or when it's light. It's believed that it's the presence of this hormone in the blood that gives us the urge to sleep. If an increase in melatonin level "programs" sighted people to sleep at night, then what about blind people? A researcher, named Dr. Charles Czeisler, tells about an interesting experiment. He tried shining a bright light into the eyes of some blind people. When he did this, he noticed that the level of the melatonin in the blood of these subjects went down just as it would do for sighted people. Somehow, the eyes of these subjects, even though they were damaged and had no visual perception of light, could tell their brain when there was more or less light. Now, this doesn't work for all blind people; in fact, most of Czeisler's subjects had no hormonal response to light at all. Further research may be able to explain this sensitivity to light in terms of the type of blindness of the subject.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. programme: v. 编程，计划，安排

　　2. sighted: adj. 看得见的，有视力的

　　3. hormone: n. [C]荷尔蒙，激素

　　4. melatonin: n. [C]退黑激素

　　5. urge: n. [C]强烈欲望

　　6. hormonal: adj. 荷尔蒙的，激素的

　　7. in terms of: 在……方面

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　　---本文节选自新东方在线论坛


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