老托福听力93篇-Moving away简介

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　　Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of The Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison! You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review, and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. periodical: n. [C]a magazine, especially one about a series or technical subject, that comes out at regular times such as once a month 期刊，杂志

　　2. The Review: 《评论》杂志

　　3. Daniel Defoe: 丹尼尔·笛福 (1660 -1731)，生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，1731年4月26日卒于莫尔福德。幼时只受过普通中等教育。早年曾经商，办工厂，屡次破产，又屡次重新起家。笛福对写作和政治很感兴趣，早年写过很多文章和小册子，长年奔走于英格兰和苏格兰各地了解舆论情况，因文字两次获罪下狱。从1704年起，他创办《评论》杂志(The Review,1704-1713)，这是英国第一份定期出版的文化和政治刊物，是英国报业的先驱。笛福年近花甲才开始小说创作，他的第一部小说《鲁宾逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe, 1719)是其代表作，也是英国近代小说的开山之作;这部小说通过具体而真实的细节来叙述故事、刻画人物，以日常事件构成不平凡的故事，具有强烈的真实感，被认为是现实主义的创始之作。笛福的其它小说作品包括《辛格顿船长》(Captain Singleton, 1720)、《摩尔·弗兰德斯》(Moll Flanders, 1722)、《大疫年日记》(A Journal of the Plague Year,1722)和《罗克萨娜》(Roxana,1724)等。除小说外，他还写有国内外旅行游记、人物传记及其他纪实性作品以及有关经商贸易的著作。

　　4. The Tatler: 《闲话者》，由爱迪森(Joseph Addison,1672～1719)和史蒂尔(Sir Richard Steele,1672～1729)共同创办，面向中产阶级读者，起到了传播文化和道德说教的作用。

　　5. philosophical: adj. related to philosophy 哲学的

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　　There's an art exhibition here on campus which ties in well with the discussions we're had about folk art. It's an exhibition of wildlife art calendars from about a hundred years ago. Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day. People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object. In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods. The calendars were handed out free to customers to thank them for their business. Most people just hung the calendars on their walls where the pictures faded in the sun, and then tore the picture off the calendar as each month passed. As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on calendars that are complete and in good condition. Even though the people who used the calendars didn't regard them as art, the original paintings the prints were made from were often of good quality. In fact, many famous wildlife painters created calendar art at some point in their lives. To them, it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around. One aspect of the exhibit that I find very interesting is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes toward wildlife. The pictures in the exhibit often portray the thrill and adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wildlife preservation. But most of today's wildlife art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene. This modern wildlife art appeals to large numbers of nature lovers, even those who oppose the practice of hunting.

　　【生词摘录】

　　1. rod: n. [C]杆

　　2. practice: n. [C]阴谋，欺诈或图谋的行为

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