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托福听力学科背景知识：膜鸣乐器

2018-07-25 11:09:06来源：网络

　　托福听力考试中，学科类的文章内容，理解难度比较大。大家想要做好这部分的备考，可以多了解一些相关的学科背景知识、新东方在线托福网为大家汇总了相关的内容，辅助大家更好地来备考。

【点击查看托福听力学科背景知识汇总】

　　MEMBRANOPHONES

　　Membranophones produce sound by stretching a membrane over an opening. Most, but not all, membranophones are called drums. They are classified according to the following features:

　　material shape

　　skins (head)

　　fastening of the skins playing positions

　　manner of performance CHORDOPHONES

　　Chordophones are instruments with strings. The number of stringed instruments can be reduced to four functional types:

　　zither lute lyre harp

　　ELECTROPHONES

　　Instruments where vibrations are produced mechanically or reproduced mechanically.

　　DURATION is the length of time a pitch or tone is sounded. Musical time is usually organized in terms of a basic unit of length, known as a BEAT or regular pulsation. Three terms related to duration are meter, rhythm, and tempo.

　　Meter refers to regularly recurring pulses of equal duration, generally grouped into patterns of two, three, four, or more, with the first pulse in each group accented. These patterns of strong and weak pulses are called beats.

　　Rhythm is sometimes used, like duration, to refer to all phenomena related to the sounding of a tone through time. Specifically, it can refer to the uneven durations of particular notes, overlaying or operating within the meter.

　　Tempo: speed of the pulse or meter. TEXTURE

　　MONOPHONIC, or single-voiced. (Voice refers to an individual part or line, even when we are talking about instrumental music).

　　HETEROPHONY usually results in a melody combined with an ornamented version of itself.

　　POLYPHONY occurs when two or more lines are combined, distributing the melody among the voices.

　　HOMOPHONY, where a single voice takes over the melodic interest, while the accompanying voices take a subordinate role.

　　以上就是为大家整理的“托福听力学科背景知识：膜鸣乐器”，更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!


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