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托福听力学科背景知识:MEMBRANOPHONES

2018-07-30 15:20:51来源:网络

  备考托福听力,提升听力基础,大家还是要讲究方法和策略。今天新东方在线托福网为大家整理到的是关于学科的背景知识。托福听力中,学科知识相对来说难度比较大,因此大家在平时多了解一些相关的背景知识,对大家的复习会有很大的帮助。

【点击查看托福听力学科背景知识汇总】

  MEMBRANOPHONES  

  Membranophones produce sound by stretching a membrane over an opening. Most, but not all, membranophones are called drums. They are classified according to the following features:  

   material  shape  

  skins (head)  

  fastening of the skins  playing positions  

  manner of performance   CHORDOPHONES  

   Chordophones are instruments with strings. The number of stringed instruments can be reduced to four functional types:  

   zither  lute  lyre  harp  

   ELECTROPHONES  

   Instruments where vibrations are produced mechanically or reproduced mechanically.  

   DURATION is the length of time a pitch or tone is sounded. Musical time is usually organized in terms of a basic unit of length, known as a BEAT or regular pulsation. Three terms related to duration are meter, rhythm, and tempo.  

  Meter refers to regularly recurring pulses of equal duration, generally grouped into patterns of two, three, four, or more, with the first pulse in each group accented. These patterns of strong and weak pulses are called beats.  

  Rhythm is sometimes used, like duration, to refer to all phenomena related to the sounding of a tone through time. Specifically, it can refer to the uneven durations of particular notes, overlaying or operating within the meter.  

  Tempo: speed of the pulse or meter.   TEXTURE  

   MONOPHONIC, or single-voiced. (Voice refers to an individual part or line, even when we are talking about instrumental music).  

  HETEROPHONY usually results in a melody combined with an ornamented version of itself.  

  POLYPHONY occurs when two or more lines are combined, distributing the melody among the voices.  

  HOMOPHONY, where a single voice takes over the melodic interest, while the accompanying voices take a subordinate role.

  以上就是为大家整理的“托福听力学科背景知识:MEMBRANOPHONES”,更多精彩内容请关注新东方在线托福频道!


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