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托福阅读素材:英国地质学之父威廉•史密斯(社会科学篇)

2015-04-29 12:22:37来源:网络

  疑难词:

  rudimentary Adj. 基本的,初步的,退化的

  roam n. 漫步,漫游;流浪v. 漫游,漫步;流浪

  excavate vt. 挖掘;开凿vi. 发掘;细查

  outcrop n. 露头;vi. 露出

  locomotive n. 机车;火车头adj. 火车头的;运动的;移动的

  floral adj. 花的;植物的,植物群的;花似的

  sequence vt. 按顺序排好

  ubiquitous adj. 普遍存在的;无所不在的

  endure vt. 忍耐;容忍vi. 忍耐;持续

  strata n. 层;地层;阶层

  meticulously adv. 细致地;一丝不苟地;拘泥地

  长难句:

  1.But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.

  accumulations堆积

  strata层

  catalog为…编目录,目录

  句子类型:原因状语从句+主语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:it became clear that…and that…

  原因状语:as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places

  主语从句:it became clear that…and that…

  翻译:但是随着世界各地越来越多的岩层积累和分类,我们可以明确认识到:不同区域的岩层顺序不一样,因此,地球上没有一种特定的岩层类型可以成为正确的年代划分标志。

  2.He received rudimentary village schooling, but mostly he roamed his uncle's farm (collecting the fossils) (that were so abundant in the rocks of the Cotswold hills).

  句子类型:伴随状语+定语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干: He received rudimentary village schooling, but mostly he roamed…

  伴随状语:collecting the fossils

  定语从句:that were so abundant in the rocks of the Cotswold hills

  翻译:史密斯只在村里的学校接受了最基本的教育,大部分的时间都是在他叔叔的农场里搜寻化石,这些化石在科茨沃尔德山的岩石里是很常见的。

  3.He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find.

  句子类型:伴随状语

  句子拆分:

  主干:He later worked on similar jobs

  伴随状语:studying… and collecting…

  翻译:后来他仍从事类似的工作,行遍全国,不断地研究那些新出现的地层,同时收集他所能发现的化石。

  4.While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same.

  句子类型:原因状语从句

  句子拆分:

  主干:The fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same.

  原因状语从句:While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone

  翻译:在同一地层中发现的岩石可能在这片地层中属于泥板岩,而在另一片地层中可能是砂岩,而在那些泥板岩或者砂岩中的化石往往都是一样的。

  文章标题:

  William Smith

  A型标题

  文章架构:

  第1段:讲述威廉史密斯的成长历程。

  第2-5段:威廉史密斯有哪些成就。

  具体:第2段讲的是他在工作的机会中学习,之后绘了一份地质地图;第3段讲了岩层结构不能作为划分地质年代的标志;第4段讲他发现了化石相对岩石更好,能够作为划分地质年代标志;第5段,化石可以提供关于生物物种延续性的信息。

  文章题材:

  社会科学—人物类

  以上就是我们今天的托福阅读文章及分析,希望大家可以学到相应的托福阅读背景知识。


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