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托福听力背景知识:物种形成

2016-05-10 14:13:39来源:网络

  2“异域性物种形成”或“地理隔离”:同一物种,由于如海洋、高山、沙漠等地理隔离,导致分布不连续,彼此间没有遗传基因的交换,渐渐演化为不同的物种。

  Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become vicariant, or isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. This can be the result of population dispersal leading to emigration, or by geographical changes such as mountain formation, island formation, or large scale human activities. The vicariant populations then undergo genotypic or phenotypic divergence as:

  (a) they become subjected to different selective pressures,

  (b) they independently undergo genetic drift, and

  (c) different mutations arise in the gene pools of the populations.

托福听力背景知识:物种形成


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