课程咨询

托福考试网 托福资料下载 托福资讯 0元讲座 水平测试

托福考试练习
新东方在线 > TOEFL > 托福听力 > 正文
托福培训

扫码免费领资料

内含托福全科备考资料

更有免费水平测试及备考规划

托福培训

扫码关注掌握一手留学资讯

回复XDF免费水平测试

录播精讲 直播课HOT

科学美国人60秒:猩猩选择饮料-托福听力下载

2017-01-16 18:16:42来源：科学美国人60秒

点击查看>>科学美国人60秒音频：猩猩选择饮料

　　科学美国人60秒中英文翻译：猩猩选择饮料

　　科学美国人60秒英文文本

　　This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

　　Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone. Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like.

　　You can recall those past experiences, and make a prediction about your response to something new. Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state "affective forecasting." And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it?

　　"We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan and the humans, to predict how such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other." Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc.

　　She and her colleagues offered their cocktails to a 21-year-old male Sumatran orangutan named Naong, who lives in Sweden's Furuvik Zoo. They used four ingredients—cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and diluted apple cider vinegar—which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another.

　　猩猩喝饮料.jpg

　　Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choose from the two set before him. And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers' predictions: that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients.

　　For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better than lemon juice, he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lemon-cherry juice—despite having had no experience with either.

　　"We were impressed with Naong's ability to be so consistent in his choices."

　　From a statistical perspective, the orangutan data was indistinguishable from human data. Both species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no prior experience to guide their decision-making.

　　"An ability which was previously thought to be uniquely human presumably has evolved earlier, so that it's shared with orangutans and presumably with chimpanzees as well."

　　It's a single study with a single orangutan. But it may be that we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be the sole domain of our species. Perhaps what's truly unique about us is our ongoing quest to find something unique about us.

　　Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

　　中文翻译请点击下一页

本文关键字: 科学美国人60秒 科学60秒下载 托福听力

上一页 1 2 下一页

托福辅导

关注新东方在线托福

托福机经·Official题目练习

考前重点突破·听说读写海量资料

更多资料

关注新东方在线托福，
回复【XDF】获取大礼包

托福辅导
  • 1.打开手机微信【扫一扫】，识别上方二维码；
  • 2.点击【添加】，回复对应关键字领取学习资料。
更多>>
更多内容

免费获取托福备考大礼包

微信扫描下方二维码 立即领取

托福辅导
更多>>
更多公益讲座>>
更多>>
更多资料
托福TPO 托福听力练习 托福口语练习 托福阅读练习 托福写作练习
我要
反馈 返回
首页
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10