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托福写作同义词替换大全

2017-07-14 14:55:30来源:网络

  托福写作同义词替换:名词

  成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments

  失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs

  观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory

  财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth

  好处: advantage/ behoof/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead

  优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue

  缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect/downside

  发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow

  普及: popularization/ prevalence.

  出现: emergence

  情况: circumstance/ condition

  原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason

  影响: infection/ influence/ impact

  动词

  提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate

  思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think

  建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer/

  吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt

  揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote

  理解: understand/ comprehend

  说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate

  暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate

  开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate

  带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender

  停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude

  赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with

  反对: oppose/ argue against/ combat

  副词

  非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly

  明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly, perfectly entirely increasingly totally authentically really truly

  后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then

  最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length

  因此: therefore/ thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result

  然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereas

  托福写作选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景,由于历史的原因,现代英语除本族语外,还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的饲,这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。

  总的来讲,英语本族语大多是 短词,小词,听起来朴素亲切,大量用于口头表达:法语来源的词庄重文雅,多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关;拉丁来源的词,书卷味浓, 同义词除了来源的不同会 影响措词的选择外,它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。

  另外让中国学生头痛的是一些同义词的习惯搭配。比如large和big都指“大”,但large通常用来修饰诸如 number,amount及quantity(a large nunlber of students,a large almount of money,a large quantity of wine,etc)。但象“勇气”,“信心”,”能力”、“智慧”等表示个人素质的名词,人们通常用呷碰而不用big或large来修饰。由此可见,在英 语写作实践中,区分同义词的用法是相当重要的。

  托福写作同义词替换:名词

  1

  things that one tries hard to do

  one's undertakings/ one's commitments

  2

  The fact is that…

  The reality is that…

  3

  joy

  happiness/ delight/ enjoyment

  4

  sadness

  sorrow/ grief

  5

  danger

  hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强,危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous;hazardous

  6

  education

  ≈schooling (指学校教育,家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的,比如children's upbringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说,比如sensible parenting.

  7

  advertisement/ advertising

  如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化,比如commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告),flyers(传单广告)billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements (公益广告)

  8

  car

  Automobile

  9

  economic crisis

  economic meltdown(很接近)/recession(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)/the Great Depression(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)

  10

  famous people

  celebrities (单数为celebrity)

  11

  human beings(备考生使用过多)

  humanity(注意这个词的单数指人类,复数指人文学科)/the human race

  12

  wealth

  fortune(s) (fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)

  13

  [相关] rich

  wealthy/ affluent (adj.)

  14

  skill

  ≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法,而不是technology科技)

  15

  [派生] skilled

  adept/ adroit (adj.)

  16

  method

  methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词,基本就是method的故作高深版)

  17

  field

  sphere/ domain/ arena

  18

  understanding of

  ≈ grasp of/ command of

  19

  choice

  Option

  20

  cooperation

  ≈collaboration

  21

  basic structure in a city or a country

  Infrastructure

  22

  tiredness for a long time

  Fatigue

  23

  is a must of

  is a prerequisite for (是……的必备先决条件)

  24

  the Internet

  ≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)

  25

  honesty

  ≈integrity

  26

  strong belief

  faith (in)

  27

  aim

  Intention

  28

  worries

  anxi

  eties (是的,这两个词的确都可以加复数)

  29

  influence

  impact/ repercussion/ implication

  30

  influence on each other

  mutual influence(类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B

  31

  many different kinds of…

  a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…

  32

  wrong ideas held by many people

  Misconceptions

  33

  fame

  prestige/ sterling reputation

  34

  range

  ≈spectrum

  35

  sense

  ≈ recognition

  36

  part

  component (这个词不仅指零件,在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)

  37

  wise

  [相关] sensible (adj.)

  38

  gap

  Disparity

  39

  a system for a particular purpose

  ≈ a mechanism for…

  40

  a solution to sth.

  a remedy for sth. (生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法,但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)

  41

  bad students

  ≈ unruly students/ disruptive students

  42

  bad behavior

  unethical behavior/ immoral behavior

  43

  organizations that help poor people

  charities/ charitable organizations

  44

  difference

  Distinction

  45

  [派生] be different from

  be distinct from (adj.)

  46

  person

  Individual

  47

  personality

  ≈ disposition

  48

  businesses

  enterprises(这里指企业)

  49

  prices that are too high

  exorbitant prices

  50

  the rate of…

  the incidence of…(后面一般跟坏事儿,比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease)

  51

  intense enthusiasm

  zeal/ passion

  52

  cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)

  global cultural homogenization

  53

  a thing that is necessary

  a necessity

  54

  a thing that is new and interesting

  a novelty

  55

  a thing that is rare

  a rarity

  56

  things that people are not sure about

  Uncertainties

  57

  a world language

  a universal language

  58

  friends

  Companions

  59

  relaxation

  ≈ recreation

  60

  self-respect

  ≈ self-esteem and dignity

  61

  respect sb./ sth.

  hold sb./ sth. in high regard

  62

  [反义] look down on…

  treat … with contempt = despise (v.)

  63

  self-control

  self-discipline

  64

  criminal

  Convict

  65

  prisoner

  Inmate

  66

  drinks

  ≈ alcoholic beverages

  67

  people who walk on the street

  Pedestrians

  68

  old generations in history

  Ancestors

  69

  a person who benefits from sth.

  a beneficiary of sth.

  70

  a disease that spreads quickly

  an epidemic (注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾,却不是形容词)

  71

  a very unpleasant way of life

  Misery adj-> miserable

  72

  a task that requires lots of effort

  an arduous task

  73

  emotion

  ≈ sentiment

  74

  enemy

  ≈ opponent/ foe

  75

  narrow minds

  insular minds (狭隘的头脑或者观念)

  76

  a way to do sth.

  an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.

  77

  hobby

  ≈ pastime/ diversion

  78

  progress

  progression (经常指抽象的进步,比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题)

  79

  failure

  setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)

  80

  importance

  significance(当你用了一次importance之后,第二次不妨用这个)

  81

  duty

  obligation(用于比较重要的责任)

  82

  difficulty

  hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles

  83

  pressure from your classmates

  peer pressure

  84

  citizens who can work

  labor force/ workforce(都是总体概念,而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)

  85

  problems or diseases that exist for a long time

  persistent problems/ chronic diseases

  86

  a life without regular exercise

  a sedentary lifestyle

  87

  result

  consequence (表示消极的结果更多一些)

  88

  thoughts

  ≈ considerations

  89

  the lack of knowledge

  ignorance (注意在地道英文里,这个词经常并不表示“忽视”,而是表示“无知”)

  90

  harm (n.)

  adverse effect

  91

  harm (vt.)

  damage destroy/ ruin (这两个词比damage程度更重)spoil(后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment)undermine (后面跟抽象概念,比如stability/ social order/ harmony)jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念,比如one's future/ one's career)tarnish (后面跟one's reputation/ image)sap/ dampen (后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence)

  92

  [派生] harmful

  detrimental (adj.)

  93

  [派生] be harmful to

  ≈ pose a threat to

  94

  bad luck

  Misfortune

  95

  trouble

  adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship

  96

  crime

  offense/ criminal act

  97

  youth crime

  ≈ juvenile delinquency

  98

  criminal

  offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator

  99

  serious crime

  heinous crime/ felony

  100

  a minor crime

  a misdemeanor

  101

  shortage (of)

  scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)

  102

  the only one

  an exception

  103

  places where animals live

  Habitat

  形容词

  104

  worrying

  ≈ disturbing

  105

  very popular

  prevalent/ ubiquitous

  106

  TRUE

  genuine (truly a genuinely)

  107

  deep

  profound (深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts)

  108

  strong

  powerful/ mighty

  109

  weak

  ≈ vulnerable

  110

  hard-working

  industrious(注意不是industrial,而diligent那个词在美语中是个挺大的词)

  111

  very disappointing

  Lamentable可悲的/ pathetic

  112

  be good (for)

  be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of)

  113

  be not as good as

  be inferior to

  114

  be better than

  be superior to

  115

  uninteresting

  mundane (注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum

  116

  many

  numerous(注意要跟可数名词)

  117

  complicated

  Intricate

  118

  strange

  odd/ bizarre/ eccentric(单weird有点过于口语化了)

  119

  cannot be turned back

  be irreversible

  120

  produce useful results

  Productive

  121

  practical

  ≈ realistic

  122

  mature

  sophisticated (这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的)

  123

  selfish

  self-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric

  124

  proud (贬义)

  Conceited

  125

  suitable

  Fitting

  126

  most suitable

  Optimal

  127

  lonely

  isolated/ alienated

  128

  alone

  Solitary

  129

  be easily influenced by sth.

  be susceptible to sth. (一般是坏事情,比如a disease/ attacks)

  130

  is better than

  is superior to

  131

  not as good as…

  is inferior to

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