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托福写作同义词替换:名词
成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments
失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs
观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory
财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth
好处: advantage/ behoof/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead
优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue
缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect/downside
发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow
普及: popularization/ prevalence.
出现: emergence
情况: circumstance/ condition
原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason
影响: infection/ influence/ impact
动词
提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate
思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think
建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer/
吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt
揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote
理解: understand/ comprehend
说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate
暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate
开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate
带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender
停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude
赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with
反对: oppose/ argue against/ combat
副词
非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly
明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly, perfectly entirely increasingly totally authentically really truly
后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then
最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length
因此: therefore/ thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result
然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereas
托福写作选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景,由于历史的原因,现代英语除本族语外,还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的饲,这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。
总的来讲,英语本族语大多是 短词,小词,听起来朴素亲切,大量用于口头表达:法语来源的词庄重文雅,多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关;拉丁来源的词,书卷味浓, 同义词除了来源的不同会 影响措词的选择外,它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。
另外让中国学生头痛的是一些同义词的习惯搭配。比如large和big都指“大”,但large通常用来修饰诸如 number,amount及quantity(a large nunlber of students,a large almount of money,a large quantity of wine,etc)。但象“勇气”,“信心”,”能力”、“智慧”等表示个人素质的名词,人们通常用呷碰而不用big或large来修饰。由此可见,在英 语写作实践中,区分同义词的用法是相当重要的。
托福写作同义词替换:名词
1
things that one tries hard to do
one's undertakings/ one's commitments
2
The fact is that…
The reality is that…
3
joy
happiness/ delight/ enjoyment
4
sadness
sorrow/ grief
5
danger
hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强,危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous;hazardous
6
education
≈schooling (指学校教育,家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的,比如children's upbringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说,比如sensible parenting.
7
advertisement/ advertising
如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化,比如commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告),flyers(传单广告)billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements (公益广告)
8
car
Automobile
9
economic crisis
economic meltdown(很接近)/recession(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)/the Great Depression(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10
famous people
celebrities (单数为celebrity)
11
human beings(备考生使用过多)
humanity(注意这个词的单数指人类,复数指人文学科)/the human race
12
wealth
fortune(s) (fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13
[相关] rich
wealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14
skill
≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法,而不是technology科技)
15
[派生] skilled
adept/ adroit (adj.)
16
method
methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词,基本就是method的故作高深版)
17
field
sphere/ domain/ arena
18
understanding of
≈ grasp of/ command of
19
choice
Option
20
cooperation
≈collaboration
21
basic structure in a city or a country
Infrastructure
22
tiredness for a long time
Fatigue
23
is a must of
is a prerequisite for (是……的必备先决条件)
24
the Internet
≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)
25
honesty
≈integrity
26
strong belief
faith (in)
27
aim
Intention
28
worries
anxi
eties (是的,这两个词的确都可以加复数)
29
influence
impact/ repercussion/ implication
30
influence on each other
mutual influence(类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B
31
many different kinds of…
a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a wide range of…
32
wrong ideas held by many people
Misconceptions
33
fame
prestige/ sterling reputation
34
range
≈spectrum
35
sense
≈ recognition
36
part
component (这个词不仅指零件,在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37
wise
[相关] sensible (adj.)
38
gap
Disparity
39
a system for a particular purpose
≈ a mechanism for…
40
a solution to sth.
a remedy for sth. (生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法,但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)
41
bad students
≈ unruly students/ disruptive students
42
bad behavior
unethical behavior/ immoral behavior
43
organizations that help poor people
charities/ charitable organizations
44
difference
Distinction
45
[派生] be different from
be distinct from (adj.)
46
person
Individual
47
personality
≈ disposition
48
businesses
enterprises(这里指企业)
49
prices that are too high
exorbitant prices
50
the rate of…
the incidence of…(后面一般跟坏事儿,比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease)
51
intense enthusiasm
zeal/ passion
52
cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)
global cultural homogenization
53
a thing that is necessary
a necessity
54
a thing that is new and interesting
a novelty
55
a thing that is rare
a rarity
56
things that people are not sure about
Uncertainties
57
a world language
a universal language
58
friends
Companions
59
relaxation
≈ recreation
60
self-respect
≈ self-esteem and dignity
61
respect sb./ sth.
hold sb./ sth. in high regard
62
[反义] look down on…
treat … with contempt = despise (v.)
63
self-control
self-discipline
64
criminal
Convict
65
prisoner
Inmate
66
drinks
≈ alcoholic beverages
67
people who walk on the street
Pedestrians
68
old generations in history
Ancestors
69
a person who benefits from sth.
a beneficiary of sth.
70
a disease that spreads quickly
an epidemic (注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾,却不是形容词)
71
a very unpleasant way of life
Misery adj-> miserable
72
a task that requires lots of effort
an arduous task
73
emotion
≈ sentiment
74
enemy
≈ opponent/ foe
75
narrow minds
insular minds (狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76
a way to do sth.
an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.
77
hobby
≈ pastime/ diversion
78
progress
progression (经常指抽象的进步,比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题)
79
failure
setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80
importance
significance(当你用了一次importance之后,第二次不妨用这个)
81
duty
obligation(用于比较重要的责任)
82
difficulty
hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles
83
pressure from your classmates
peer pressure
84
citizens who can work
labor force/ workforce(都是总体概念,而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85
problems or diseases that exist for a long time
persistent problems/ chronic diseases
86
a life without regular exercise
a sedentary lifestyle
87
result
consequence (表示消极的结果更多一些)
88
thoughts
≈ considerations
89
the lack of knowledge
ignorance (注意在地道英文里,这个词经常并不表示“忽视”,而是表示“无知”)
90
harm (n.)
adverse effect
91
harm (vt.)
damage destroy/ ruin (这两个词比damage程度更重)spoil(后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment)undermine (后面跟抽象概念,比如stability/ social order/ harmony)jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念,比如one's future/ one's career)tarnish (后面跟one's reputation/ image)sap/ dampen (后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence)
92
[派生] harmful
detrimental (adj.)
93
[派生] be harmful to
≈ pose a threat to
94
bad luck
Misfortune
95
trouble
adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship
96
crime
offense/ criminal act
97
youth crime
≈ juvenile delinquency
98
criminal
offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator
99
serious crime
heinous crime/ felony
100
a minor crime
a misdemeanor
101
shortage (of)
scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)
102
the only one
an exception
103
places where animals live
Habitat
形容词
104
worrying
≈ disturbing
105
very popular
prevalent/ ubiquitous
106
TRUE
genuine (truly a genuinely)
107
deep
profound (深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts)
108
strong
powerful/ mighty
109
weak
≈ vulnerable
110
hard-working
industrious(注意不是industrial,而diligent那个词在美语中是个挺大的词)
111
very disappointing
Lamentable可悲的/ pathetic
112
be good (for)
be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of)
113
be not as good as
be inferior to
114
be better than
be superior to
115
uninteresting
mundane (注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116
many
numerous(注意要跟可数名词)
117
complicated
Intricate
118
strange
odd/ bizarre/ eccentric(单weird有点过于口语化了)
119
cannot be turned back
be irreversible
120
produce useful results
Productive
121
practical
≈ realistic
122
mature
sophisticated (这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的)
123
selfish
self-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric
124
proud (贬义)
Conceited
125
suitable
Fitting
126
most suitable
Optimal
127
lonely
isolated/ alienated
128
alone
Solitary
129
be easily influenced by sth.
be susceptible to sth. (一般是坏事情,比如a disease/ attacks)
130
is better than
is superior to
131
not as good as…
is inferior to
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