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托福听力小话题备考策略

2018-04-11 10:45:44来源:网络

  ②经济学。经济学方面,最近的考试来看,作为生物、艺术以外的小学科来说,出现的概率也比较高。经济学方面,在20170701的托福考试中考了一篇文章,大概介绍了一种预算支配方式:participatory budget。1. 介绍了其优势:更透明、政府官员更了解公众需求; 2. 其实施过程中遇到的困难;3. 其效果:受益的是政府官员而不是公众,成了政府官员公关的工具。

  在TPO6Lectture1 Economic class、TPO26Lecture1 Advertising class、TPO42Lecture2 Marketing class 中都有经济学内容的体现,包括了“boom and bust cycle”、“service recovery plan”、“brand loyalty”、“green marketing”等等经济学相关名词。

  三、围绕相同考点进行分类

  在第一点建议中举到的例子中,TPO43Lecture2心理学模块,讲到的是关于儿童预估数量的能力(ANS),在TPO10Lecture4心理学,内容讲的是儿童健忘症(childhood amnesia)。

  TPO43Lecture2第四题What did researchers observe in the study of fourteen-year-old children?

  A. The children with strong ANS skills also scored well on color-naming tests

  B. The children were more likely to make mistakes when there were small numbers of blue and yellow dots

  C. The ANS skills of the children had improved over time.

  D. There were large differences in the ANS skills of the children tested.

  TPO14lecture4 第六题 The professor mention a study in the 1980s that tested memory in children under age 3 .What did the researchers conclude from this study?

  A. Young children do not develop the capacity for recall until after age 3

  B. Piaget’s theory linking language development to memory was incorrect

  C. Young children typically remember events for about nine months

  D. The formation of memories is dependent upon language development

  这两个题目都是考查的对于professor所提出的观点在论证过程中的一些实验研究,从考点上来讲,这两个题目考查的都是文章中实验研究的结果。对应的做题方法以及注意点都是一样的。

  另外,在一些“小话题”学科中,由于学科的广度问题,很多考生对于某些不常见的学科,背景知识储备方面或多或少会有些不足,所以通常对于该学科的专有名词部分,出题者为了使得考生了解,不管有没有储备,保证公平性,这样就会出现一些“名词解释”。换句话说,对于一些小学科来说,几乎都会以“名词图片”的形式来讲解一些内容。

  比如TPO42Lecture1是一篇“marketing”的文章,文章中出现了一个专有名词,叫做“service recovery paradox”,原文描述为the paradox basically implies that customers who experience a service failure, well, they could potentially be made more loyal than customers who were satisfied in the first place if an equitable recovery occurred after the failure.

  对应题目:4. What is the professor’s opinion of the service recovery paradox?

  A. It should not be relied on as a way to increase customer loyalty.

  B. It does not produce long-lasting benefits for the service provider.

  C. It is more common in the hotel industry than in other service industries.

  D. It can only be beneficial if the customer is not aware of the original failure.

  四、跨学科知识储备整理

  跨学科就是指在一些常见话题学科中出现的内容进行思路拓展,对于某些延伸意义的词汇用法,回归原本的意义。这需要考生多联系,触类旁通,更加高效地运用好平常听过的文章内容。

  在TPO32lecture2生物学文章中讲到,动物迁移过程中出现的数量的增多减少这种现象,其中有段话学生Student:The article mentioned that populations of predators and their prey might go up rapidly and then decline all of a sudden. Oh yeah, I read about that in my ecology class. It happens in cycles. I think that’s called a boom-and-bust cycle. Right? 在这段话中出现了一个专有名词boom and bust cycle

  实际上,这个词原本属于经济学词汇,英文解释为In economics, boom and bust is a process characterized by sustained increases in several economic indicators followed by a sharp and rapid contraction. It refers to a severe business cycle. 在原本的经济学领域,实际在TPO6Lecture1经济学的讲座中中也有考查过,在这篇文章中一开始Now when I mention the terms “boom and bust”, what does that bring to mind?紧接着讲到了一个案例,就是一些互联网公司的兴起、盛行以及萧条的过程。

  其实,类似经济学、心理学、建筑学等等学科在考试中经常出现,只是不是以整篇的形式,而是暗藏在一些其他学科中。一般来说,小话题的内容多数为社会科学类的内容,变化比较多,内容比较细碎和抽象。托福考生们需要正确运用好官方资料,不只是简单地机械地做题目,而是要更深层次的理解吃透文中的内容,有效地备考。

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