35个托福阅读经典长难句解析帮你克服恐惧症

　　6、The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

　　(宾语从句what we now know as)

　　现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

　　分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled

　　分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

　　分句2嵌套在分句1里，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl.

　　整句话的谓语动词是 sparked 和 fueled, 两个并列的动词。

　　本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为(供给燃料)激发，促使、造成。

　　7、But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

　　(Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)

　　但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

　　分句1： But these factors do not account for the interesting question

　　分句2： of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth

　　分句1中嵌套着分句2.

　　分句2是of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。

　　8、Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out.

　　(同位语从句rumors that…)

　　当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。

　　分句1：Amid rumors

　　分句2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region

　　分句3：and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent

　　分句4：the two captains set out.

　　整个句子的主句是分句4.

　　"Amid" 表示“在 ......之中", 是介词，它引导的分句1嵌套着分句2和分句3，并且在整句话中作状语。 而分句2和分句3是并列关系的同位语从句来修饰分句1中的rumors，作rumors的同位语从句，用来说明谣言的具体内容。

　　9、In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.

　　(同位语a supremacy)

　　17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。

　　分句1：In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，

　　分句2：a supremacy

　　分句3：they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century

　　分句2是分句1的同位语，用来修饰说明分句1中的the chief instruments of the keyboard group，分句3是省略了 "that" 的定语从句，修饰分句2.

　　10、A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

　　(介词结构from…to…作定语)

　　持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。

　　分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century;

　　分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it;

　　分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality;

　　分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects;

　　分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound;

　　分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance。

　　本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects. 分句2和分句3并列修饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects.