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主题:Anasazi 文明的迁移是因为战争
阅读
1. 好多重要地点甚至祭祀场所都被火烧了,就是是因为战争引起的火灾
2. 当地遗留了好多工艺品,说明原住民被消灭了而不是正常离开,因为正常离开是会带走那些物品的
3. 该文明正处于全盛时期,且资源充足,没有理由突然消亡
听力
1. 焚烧祭祀地点是很多文明迁移前的传统,并不一定是敌人烧的
2. 如果是战争,获胜的一方应该会拿走工艺品,但现实是现场有很多遗留的工艺品,说明是原住民自己不要了
3. 正是因为文明发达人口增长,所以他们更容易受缺水影响,最终选择迁移
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should
· express and support your personal opinion
· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words
An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.
Doctor Achebe: Today, we're discussing whether there should be a specific age to mark adulthood. Traditionally, 18 years old is considered the transition to adult hood in many cultures, but some argue that 18-year-olds are not mature
enough to take on adult responsibilities and duties. Others suggest that 21 might be a more appropriate age, while some believe adulthood should not be defined by age at all. Should there be a specific age for adulthood, or should it be based on individual maturity and circumstances?
Paul: I believe 21 years old should be the mark of adulthood. Most 18-year- olds are still in school and rely heavily on their parents for financial and emotion a support. At 18, many young people are just beginning to explore their independence and may not have the life experience or maturity to handle adult responsibilities. By 21 years old, however,
individuals are more likely to have completed their education, gained some work experience, and developed the skills needed to navigate adulthood.
Kelly: I don't think adulthood should be defined by a specific age, Maturity and responsibility vary greatly from person to person, and some individuals are capable of handling adult duties at a much younger age. For example,in many cultures, young people take on family responsibilities, such as caring for siblings or contributing to household income, long before they turn 18. Defining adulthood by age ignores these differences and overlooks the fact that life experiences, not just age, shape a person's readiness for adulthood.
范文:
From my perspective, it could be more advantageous to define childhood based on individual maturity, due to the environment for children to develop varies among different families.
Inevitably, though at young age, children no longer are primarily restricted to childish games like before, who mostly are exposed to more abundant living environment owing to the Internet having emerged for decades. Thus, children with more possibilities would cultivate mature personality at a relatively young age and may even try to integrate into adults life
especially with a cyber identity. This makes their behavior should be regarded with similar standard as adults since they may also accumulate sufficient background information or even be fully aware of adults emotions. For instance, in spite of age difference, some younger teenagers might feel the same sympathetic as adults to do charity for those with poverty and may also commit a crime to bully others with tarnished reputation online. Therefore, their behavior, no matter positive or negative, should be taken into account with more mature criteria like adults and sometimes are obliged to receive punishments differentiated from simply detention but more severe penalties.
主题:the shift from cottage production to factories
阅读
1 新技术(New technology):新机器的出现是家庭小作坊向工厂生产转变的一个重要原因。这些新机械通常体积大、复杂且需要集中管理,因此只有工厂才能使用它们。
2 产权保护(Property right):法律对物质产权的保护加强,使得工厂生产模式更具吸引力。工厂能够更好地保护其资产和生产资料,从而推动了生产模式的转变。
3 运 输 成 本 降 低 ( Reduced transportation cost):工厂生产能够减少运输费用。由于工厂集中生产,原材料和成品的运输距离短,从而降低了运输成本,进一步推动了生产模式的转变。
听力
1 新机器的组装并不复杂,且在新技术应用之前,已有类似机器(如蒸汽机)在使用。这些机器并不局限于工厂环境,家庭小作坊同样可以使用,因此新技术并不能成为家庭小作坊向工厂生产转变的决定性因素。
2.加强私有资产保护并非英国独有的现象,其他地区(如荷兰)也在加强产权保护。然而,这些地区并未因此出现家庭小作坊向工厂生产的转变。因此,仅凭产权保护的加强并不足以支持建立工厂。
3. 听力部分认为,尽管运输成本可能会降低,但工厂生产模式也会带来其他成本的增加,如建设工厂的成本、雇佣管理人员(supervisors)的费用等。因此,总成本并不一定会减少,甚至可能会增加。这使得运输成本的降低不足以成为推动生产模式转变的关键因素。
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should
· express and support your personal opinion
· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words
An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.
Doctor Achebe: Today, we're discussing parenting styles. Some parents think that giving children money for their high grades motivates children to work harder and achieve better academic results, while others believe it can have negative long-term effects on a child's attitude toward learning. What are your thoughts? Should parents offer their school-age children money as a reward for earning high grades in school?
Paul: I don't think it's a good idea to pay children for good grades. While it might seem like an effective way to motivate them in the short term, it can send the wrong message about the purpose of learning. Children might start focusing only on the money rather than developing a genuine interest in education or understanding the value of knowledge. Over time, this could lead to a lack of intrinsic motivation, where they only study for external rewards instead of personal growth.
Kelly: I believe offering money for high grades can be a good idea. lt gives children a clear incentive to work hard and stay focused on their studies,especially when they might not yet understand the long-term benefits of education. For example, younger children often respond well to tangible rewards, and this can help them build good study habits early on. Over time, children may develop a sense of accomplishment and pride in their work, even without the financial incentive.
范文:
From my perspective, giving money as a reward seems to be more beneficial since this may help develop more awareness of money making and management for children. Clearly, children tend to imitate and interpret adult’s behavior while growing up, thus urging parents to be wise enough and the financial support could be a fantastic way to stimulate children’s desire to learn the value of money or even some basic rules in the society.
Thus, what impacts the children would not only be some incentives to learn to mange money but to figure out methods to set profitable goals and strive for them. For instance, my younger brother was rewarded with money whenever his GPA reached an ideal level.
He, then, insisted on making clearer plans for any profitable programs on or off campus at a young age and started to buy stalks before graduation from high school. These irreplaceable experiences as a whole attributed to his success in saving quite large sums of money as college tuition and even consistently supported his campus life later. Therefore, receiving money as rewards definitely will do children a great favor in the field of finance.
主题:Tusk of Narwhal
阅读
1. First, the narwhal dwells and hunts within the Arctic Circle, where the sea is often covered with thick pack ice. Like other whales, the narwhal needs air to breathe and cannot stay underwater indefinitely.
Eyewitnesses have reported seeing narwhals use their tusks to pierce through the ice sheet from below. The ability to break the ice in this way would give a narwhal access to air whenever it needed to take a breath. That would make it possible for narwhals to freely hunt in waters that are covered with ice.
2. Second, the tusk could serve as a weapon for fighting with other male narwhals as they compete for territory. Just as rams and male deer charge at one another with their horns or antlers, male narwhals, it seems, may charge or joust with one another.
Some observers have claimed to have seen aggressive clashing of tusks between male narwhals.
3. Third, the surface of the tusk contains many millions of microscopic holes connected to nerves. This configuration
suggests that the tusk serves as a sensor that allows the narwhal to detect ocean properties, for example water pressure,
temperature, salinity of the water, and even barometric pressure above the water's surface. The ability to sense such properties would be an important adaptation aiding in the narwhal's survival.
听力
1. First, if you apply pressure to a normal tusk. It will actually bend about thirty centimeters in any direction. This flexibility means that it cannot really be used for breaking through an ice sheet that is more than a few cent meters thick. The reason narwhals are able to spend long periods of time in the sea that's covered with ice is that the ice sheets typically break up by themselves in certain places. Supposed observations of narwhal ‘s piercing through an ice sheet, they have simply been narwhals seen sticking their heads out of the water in places where the ice sheet had already begun to break up.
2. What the second theory in the reading passage probably refers to is a behavior observed in male narwhals called Tusking.
The reason that some observers may have mistaken Tusking for an aggressive behavior is that they observed it from a distance.
People who have observed the narwhals husking up close give very different accounts.
Instead of ? Tusking generally seem to gently rob their tusks. That's more consistent with some sort of communication role, rather than defending territory.
3. Third, as to the usefulness of the tusk for detecting properties of the ocean important for survival. Well, consider this. Almost all male narwhal have tusks, but very few female narwhal have the structure. Furthermore.
Female narwhals live longer than male narwhals. If the function of the tusk was to give the animal information needed for
survival, why wouldn't females have tusks as well? And since they don't. How do we explain their greater longevity?
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should
· express and support your personal opinion
· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words
An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.
Doctor Achebe: Today, we're discussing the effects of various transportation means.
Some argue that bicycles are an eco-friendly and healthy alternative to cars, while others believe that relying on outdated modes of transport is not a practical solution to modern traffic problems. What are your thoughts? Should the government encourage the use of bicycles as a means of transportation?
Paul: I don't think the government should encourage bicycles as a primary solution. In today's world, we should rely on technology to solve traffic problems, not return to primitive methods. For example, self-driving cars and smart traffic systems can optimize road usage and reduce congestion more effectively than bicycles. instead of promoting bicycles,
the government should invest in advanced technologies that can provide long-term, stable solutions to traffic issues.
Kelly: I believe the government should encourage bicycle use, even if they can't completely replace cars. Bicycles are a great way to reduce traffic congestion and lower carbon emissions, especially for short-distance trips. For instance, if more people rode bicycles to work or school, there would be fewer cars on the road, which could help prevent traffic incidents. Encouraging bicycle use doesn't mean abandoning cars altogether, it's about creating a balanced transportation system that benefits everyone
范文:
From my perspective, encouraging more bicycle use undoubtedly plays a crucial role in allowing more residents to alter previous sedentary lifestyles to healthier ones.
Undeniably, those fully occupied by tight schedule at work or study have to sit around a whole day accomplishing daily goals, severely jeopardizing their physical condition due to the lack of sufficient exercises.
Thus, the compulsory measure from authority surely will force them to ride bikes instead of barely sitting while commuting and the extra efforts in stretching out on bikes will lead to more stimuli in metabolism and help enhance the entire physical condition with better immunity.
For instance, my uncle used to largely relied on driving cars to work began to turn to bikes after strict regulations for us last year. He, as well as a majority of his colleagues in the same skyscrapers, joined in the bike crew consequently.
Later, more and more workers involved confirmed that their endurance had all been improved and they even could resist some pandemic in cold days. Thus, thus policy has helped a lot in reshaping their physical condition.
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