托福机经2025:6月14日（下午场）托福写作机经是什么(含试题

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2025年托福写作机经汇总

第一套

　　综合写作 人类学 重复2025. 04.23

　　主题：the Phoenicians explored the Azores long before modern Europeans

　　阅读

　　1. First, archaeologists have found a number of caves built by people in the Azores. In ancient times, the Phoenicians made similar caves as small religious temples and tombs in the cliffs around many of their settlements. The caves that archaeologists found in the Azores appear similar to those of ancient Phoenicia. They have what appear to be stone altars (tables used for religious ceremonies) and stone bowls that could have been used to hold liquid for ceremonial purposes.

　　2. Second, there is an eighteenth-century account of ancient coins being discovered on Corovo, one of the islands in the Azores, in 1749. This account was published in a scientific article and was accompanied by detailed drawings of the coins. The illustrations show that the coins were Phoenician. The discovery of Phoenician coins on the island of Corovo in the Azores strongly indicates that Phoenicians arrived in the Azores long before modern Europeans.

　　3. Finally, modern researchers have found evidence of Phoenician sailboats traveling long distances of up to 2,000 kilometers without stopping on land (when sailing in the Mediterranean Sea). It appears that the Phoenicians routinely traveled such great distances in the Mediterranean Sea to avoid unfriendly territories. So, it seems quite possible that the Phoenician ships would have been able to complete the journey west from Europe to the Azores 1,500 kilometers away.

　　听力

　　1. First, about the caves. For us to know the caves were built by Phoenicians, we would need evidence of religious artifacts, but that's not quite clear. For example, the supposed stone Altars you read about might not be Altars， they might just be tables without any religious purpose. And the bowls might be there for storing simple drinking water, not liquid for religious ceremonies. The caves might actually have a different explanation altogether. We know that Europeans settlers sometimes use these caves to store food and water. It's possible that it was those early Europeans who built the caves, not the Phoenicians .

　　2. Second, the argument about the coins may be based on a misunderstanding. Sure, the article said that the coins were found on Corovo, but there are several locations called Corovo. So was the writer referring to the island of Corovo in the Azores? Probably not. You see, Corovo was also a name of a town in mainland Portugal. In fact, it was known that the Phoenicians visited the town of Corovo in Portugal, so finding Phoenicians coins there would not have been surprising. It's possible that the writer of the article confused the two locations, and the coins were actually found in the town of Corovo in mainland Portugal, but he mistakenly thought they had come from the island of Corovo in the Azores.

　　3. Lastly, while the Phoenicians were able to sail long distances, the journey to the Azores would oppose a particular challenge. The Azores are located in the Atlantic ocean. In the Atlantic, both the ocean currents and the wind move east toward Europe. Phoenicians sailboats traveling west to the Azores would have had to sail against the strong wind and against the flow of the ocean water. So the journey going west to the Azores would probably have been impossible for Phoenicians ships of that time.

托福学术讨论写作机经试题

　　教育 重复2024. 02.03

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

　　· express and support your personal opinion

　　· make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

　　Doctor Achebe: This week, we'll be discussing the future of education, Let's focus now on the following viewpoint: it is no longer useful to spend many years pursuing a traditional, specialized university degree in a single field, such as communications or economics. Instead, it makes more sense for most people to complete several shorter certification programs and earn certificates in, for example, project management, computer programming, graphic design, and so on. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? why?

　　Kelly: I strongly support this approach because it aligns with the changing preferences of many individuals in the modern world who often wish to switch majors or career paths. Embracing certification programs allows people to explore and pursue the fields they are passionate about without the commitment of lengthy degree programs.

　　Paul: University education is a superior choice due to its comprehensive and specialized nature. While certification programs offer quick training. Universities provide a more in-depth understanding of a subject. They encourage critical thinking, research skills, and a broader knowledge base. University degrees often lead to higher earning potential and career opportunities.

　　范文：

　　I partially agree that shorter certifications are valuable, but disagree that traditional degrees are obsolete. Certifications excel in teaching technical skills (e.g., AWS cloud engineering or UX design) quickly, aligning with fast-evolving fields like tech. For instance, a Google Data Analytics Certificate can land entry-level roles in months. However, reducing education to fragmented credentials overlooks the irreplaceable role of degrees in cultivating intellectual versatility. Degrees teach interdisciplinary problem-solving. Economics majors do not just memorize theories; they analyze historical crises (e.g., 2008 recession) through sociology, statistics, and ethics. Such depth is unattainable in isolated certifications. Furthermore, LinkedIn data reveals degree holders adapt faster to industry shifts. A communications graduate might pivot from PR to policy advocacy using research skills honed through academic rigor—while a lone "social media marketing" certificate limits mobility. In conclusion, degrees build enduring intellectual frameworks, although certifications update tactical skills.

　　第二套

　　综合写作 人类学 重复2025. 05.25

　　主题：人类大脑缩小的原因三种可能的形成原因

　　阅读

　　1. 气候变化(climate change)：阅读认为气候变化是人类大脑缩小的原因之一。

　　2. 农业(agriculture)：阅读提出农业也是导致人类大脑缩小的一个因素。

　　3. 肌肉质量的减少(reduction in muscle mass)：阅读指出肌肉质量的减少会使得控制肌肉的大脑组织减少，进而造成大脑缩小。

　　听力

　　1.气候变化不匹配(climate change mismatch)：听力反驳称气候反复变化(up and down)时，人类大脑并未出现相应的变大变小情况，大脑缩小与气候变化不存在紧密联系。

　　2. 农业革命时间不同步(agricultural revolution timing discrepancy)：听力提到农业革命在全世界开始的时间各不相同，但人类大脑的缩小过程却是同步的，以此反驳农业是大脑缩小原因的观点。

　　3. 肌肉减少因素太小(muscle reduction as a minor factor)：听力表示即便肌肉减少可算作大脑缩小的一个原因，该因素也过于次要(minor)，无法完全(fully)解释人类大脑缩小的现象。

　　●学术讨论 社会现象 重复2023. 08.02

　　Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

　　In your response, you should

　　·express and support your personal opinion

　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

　　Doctor Achebe: In the next few weeks, we'll be talking about urban traffic management. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea-creating car-free central zones. Some cities around the world have recently designated their downtown areas as being automobile-free, which means that vehicles are not allowed to enter the city centers. Do you think that more cities should make their centra zones car-free? Why or why not?

　　Kelly: I support the idea of establishing car-free central zones because this will result in one important benefit for city residents, it will be better for their health. Instead of driving everywhere, people will be encouraged to walk or cycle more. It would be a great way to incorporate exercise into people's routines.

　　Paul: It sounds like a good idea, but I'm skeptical. My main concern is that many businesses located in the city centers, such as shops and restaurants, may suffer because the customers will no longer be able to reach those businesses by car. For some customers, if they can't drive, they won't go at all.

　　第三套

　　综合写作 人类学 重复2021 06.26

　　主题：应由政府资助艺术项目

　　阅读

　　1. 有些艺术形式如交响乐太小众，无法靠市场盈利，需要政府支持。

　　2. 艺术带来文化价值，能丰富大众精神生活

　　3. 支持艺术家创作，提升国家形象。

　　听力

　　1. 很多交响乐团其实可以自负盈亏，比如售票、赞助、巡演，政府不必支持所有团体。

　　2. 文化价值可以从其他地方获得，比如电影、电视剧，政府不一定非得扶持传统艺术。

　　3. 国家形象不是靠艺术支撑，应该优先考虑民生、医疗、教育等比艺术更紧急的领域。

　　●学术讨论 教育 重复2023. 12.26

　　Your professor is teaching a class on economics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

　　In your response, you should

　　·express and support your personal opinion

　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

　　Doctor Achebe: This week, we'll be discussing ways in which schools can help expose their students (aged5-18) to learning experiences beyond the classroom. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea that some schools are considering-offering outdoor classes once a month. On the day of outdoor classes students will be transported to local parks or nature preserves, and teachers can help students explore nature and learn about the environment. Do you think this is a good idea? why or why not?

　　Kelly: Having outdoor classes once a month seems like an exciting way of providing students with interesting hands-on experiences, However, l don't think these classes would be a worthwhile use of instructional time and school resources. These classes could put substantial pressure on the school's financial resources and on teachers, who may have to redesign their lesson plans.

　　Paul: On the other hand, outdoor classes can increase students' motivation to learn about the interconnectedness of the natural world. These classes could provide great opportunities to teach students about pressing environmental issues, such as pollution, and ways to address these problems, it would deepen their understanding beyond what books alone could achieve and would be time well spent.

　　第四套

　　综合写作 人类学 重复2022. 04.03

　　主题：伊利运河建造时的挑战

　　阅读

　　1. 当地地形景观造成施工困难;

　　2. 劳动力不足;

　　3. 运河产生的效益不足以弥补高昂的成本。

　　听力

　　1. 以畜力为辅助，冬季作业

　　2. 来自欧洲的移民可以提供足够的工人;

　　3. 运河可以节省巨额的运输成本，大于建设成本。

　　学术讨论 教育 重复2025. 05.17

　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

　　In your response, you should

　　·express and support your personal opinion

　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

　　Doctor Achebe: Today, we will examine what economists call incentives-the motivations that lead people to make certain choices. Cost is a major category of economic incentives. People tend to change their behavior when a particular choice gets more expensive. Let's discuss an example. Some economists argue that a good way to reduce air pollution is for governments to raise the cost (through taxes or other means) of fuel for cars. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? Why?

　　Kelly: I believe increasing the fuel tax for cars is a good idea. Cars are a main source of pollution; if the government does this, it could reduce the use of private cars and encourage people to switch to public transportation or other means like cycling. Furthermore, this could significantly decrease air pollution, leading to better public health and a cleaner environment.

　　Paul: I disagree with increasing the car fuel tax. l feel that adding taxes for economic reasons feels somewhat like punishing the public, who are not directly responsible for this issue. So, increasing the tax would be meaningless. In other words, the solution should address the source of pollution more directly rather than simply making it more expensive for the general public to use their cars.

　　范文：

　　I strongly agree that raising fuel costs through taxes effectively reduces air pollution, as it leverages economic incentives to drive sustainable behavioral and technological shifts. First, higher fuel prices directly discourage excessive driving and incentivize fuel-efficient choices. For example, when London implemented its "Congestion Charge" (effectively raising driving costs), traffic decreased by 15%, and nitrogen dioxide pollution dropped 20% within a year. This proves cost penalties can rapidly alter consumption patterns. Second, fuel taxes generate revenue governments can reinvest in sustainable infrastructure. Norway’s high fuel taxes funded EV subsidies and charging stations, making electric cars 80% of new vehicle sales by 2023. Simultaneously, automakers prioritized efficient models—Toyota’s hybrid sales surged 40% post-EU carbon tax hikes. Critics argue such taxes disproportionately burden low-income households. While valid, this can be mitigated through revenue recycling: British Columbia’s carbon tax returns 90% of revenue via household rebates, protecting vulnerable groups while still cutting emissions 5-15%. In conclusion, fuel taxation is a powerful tool to combat pollution by harnessing economic incentives. When designed equitably, it reduces emissions while funding a greener future—a necessary step for climate action.

　　第五套

　　综合写作 人类学 重复2023. 12.16

　　主题：三角龙(triceratops)的特征和其头部装饰物(frill)功能。

　　阅读

　　1. 三角龙的两个长角被用于攻击其他三角龙，而头部的装饰物(frill)则用于保护颈部和头部;

　　2. frill 被用于吸引异性，在交配展示中起到作用。这些装饰物上有很多大的血管，可能在兴奋时吸引更多血液，使颜色更加鲜艳，从而在交配展示中发挥重要作用;

　　3. frill 作为支撑长而强大的颚肌肉的结构存在，帮助三角龙进行咀嚼。由于三角龙拥有类似剪刀般锋利的牙齿，科学家们推测其食用的食物可能较为坚硬，因此需要增强的咀嚼力量。

　　听力

　　1. 洞并非由打斗引起，因为如果是这样，它们应该会愈合。然而，这些洞并没有愈合迹象，而更可能是一些慢性病导致的;

　　2. 有年幼的三角龙也拥有 frill，这意味着它可能与性成熟无关，因此不太可能用于吸引异性进行交配展示;

　　3. 尽管长肌肉可能提供更多力量，但这种肌肉可能使三角龙更容易受到捕食者的攻击，因为相比较于短肌肉，长肌肉可能使其更脆弱。

　　学术讨论 政府

　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

　　In your response, you should

　　·express and support your personal opinion

　　·make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

　　Doctor Achebe: Let's think about population trends in urban and rural areas (villages). Living in urban areas can be expensive; nonetheless, when they have a choice of where to live, people in some countries do not wish to live in rural areas even if the cost of living there is lower. If governments of some countries want to attract more people to live in rural areas or villages, what is the best strategy or approach that governments can use? why?

　　Kelly: I would live in a rural area if the government gave more financial help to farmers, Although it may cost very little to live in a rural area, it costs a lot to begin a career in agriculture. If l had financial help, l would start my own farm and be happy to live in a rural area.

　　Paul: In my country, urban centers are great places to live because you can access shops, restaurants, and museums. If the government of my country wanted to attract me to live in a rural area, the area would first have to attract more businesses focused on entertainment and culture than most rural areas have now.

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