托福阅读真题TPO5第2题原文及答案

　　l 答案及题目解析

　　Key:

　　1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. 123

　　题目解析：

　　1.According to P1, all of the following are true statements about Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia EXCEPT(Negative Factual Information Question)

　　A.Collectively, these regions are traditionally known as Oceania.

　　B.These islands of Micronesia are small and spread out

　　C.Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia.

　　D.Melanesia is situated to the north of Micronesia.

　　相关原句：

　　Micronesia, the area north of Melanesia…(Paragraph 1)

　　本题解析：

　　文中指出密克罗尼西亚(Micronesia)位于美拉尼西亚(Melanesia)北部，因此美拉尼西亚应位于密克罗尼西亚的南部，D错误，选择D。

　　正确答案：

　　D

　　2.By stating that the theories are mutually exclusive the author means that(Factual Information Question)

　　A.if one of the theories is true, then all the others must be false

　　B.the differences between the theories are unimportant

　　C.taken together, the theories cover all possibilities

　　D.the theories support each other

　　相关原句：

　　…in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised. (Paragraph 2)

　　本题解析：

　　mutually exclusive意思是“相互排斥”，即一为真，则另一为假。因此选择A。

　　正确答案：

　　A

　　3.The word “overwhelming” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　(Vocabulary Question)

　　A.powerful

　　B.favorable

　　C.current

　　D.reasonable

　　相关原句：

　　Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents. (Paragraph 2)

　　本题解析：

　　overwhelming意为“势不可挡的”，与powerful同义，因此选择A。

　　正确答案：

　　A

　　4.According to P2, which of the following led some early researchers to believe that the Pacific islanders originally came from Egypt?

　　(Factual Information Question)

　　A.Egyptians were known to have founded other great civilizations.

　　B.Sailors from other parts of the world were believed to lack the skills needed to travel across the ocean.

　　C.Linguistic, archaeological, and biological data connected the islands to Egypt.

　　D.Egyptian accounts claimed responsibility for colonizing the Pacific as well as the Americas.

　　相关原句：

　　Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific.(Paragraph 2)

　　本题解析：

　　当时的理论认为其他地区的人缺乏足够优秀的航海能力(deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders)，而只有埃及人能够穿越大洋(only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific)。因此选择B。

　　正确答案：

　　B

　　5.Which of the following can be inferred from P2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?

　　(Inference Question)

　　A.They were generally based on solid evidence.

　　B.They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the languages spoken by Pacific islanders.

　　C.They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.

　　D.They questioned the ideas of G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.

　　相关原句：

　　Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents. (Paragraph 2)

　　本题解析：

　　本段结尾指出历史证据表明东南亚居民具有足够优秀的航海能力来横穿太平洋(were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents)，这驳斥了旧理论(Contrary to these theorists)。由此推断出之前人们认为东南亚居民缺乏必备的航海能力。因此选择C。

　　正确答案：

　　C

　　6.The word “implements” in the passage is closest in meaning to (Vocabulary Question)

　　A.skills

　　B.tools

　　C.opportunities

　　D.practices

　　相关原句：

　　…and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. (Paragraph 3)

　　本题解析：

　　implement意为“工具”，与tool同义，因此选择B。

　　正确答案：

　　B

　　7.All of the following are mentioned in P3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT(Negative Factual Information Question)

　　A.knowledge of various Austronesian languages

　　B.a variety of fishing techniques

　　C.navigational skills

　　D.knowledge of plant cultivation

　　相关原句：

　　The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. (Paragraph 3)

　　本题解析：

　　文中所提到的迁徙前提包括航海能力，捕鱼能力以及种植作物和方法，并不包括多种语言能力。因此选择A。

　　正确答案：

　　A

　　8.In P3, why does the author provide information about the types of crops grown and boats used in Southeast Asia during the period around 5000 B. C. E.?

　　(Factual Information Question)

　　A.To evaluate the relative importance of agriculture and fishing to early Austronesian peoples.

　　B.To illustrate the effectiveness of archaeological and linguistic methods in discovering details about life in ancient times.

　　C.To contrast living conditions on the continent of Asia with living conditions on the Pacific islands.

　　D.To demonstrate that people from this region had the skills and resources necessary to travel to and survive on the Pacific islands.

　　相关原句：

　　It is now generally believed that these prerequisites …began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B. C.E. (Paragraph 3)

　　本题解析：

　　文中提到东南亚具备的作物品种和航海能力是为了证明东南亚人以满足了远征的前提条件，能够实现远洋迁徙。因此选择D。

　　正确答案：

　　D

　　9.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

　　(Sentence Simplification Question)

　　A.Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.

　　B.The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.

　　C.Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.

　　D.The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

　　相关原句：

　　Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.(Paragraph 4，highlighted sentence)

　　本题解析：

　　阴影句指出，大洋洲远征应该是经过深思熟虑的(this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions)，而不是人们曾经认为的意外迁徙。因此选择D。

　　正确答案：

　　D

　　10.The word “undisputed” in the passage is closest in meaning to(Vocabulary Question)

　　A.mysterious

　　B.unexpected

　　C.acknowledged

　　D.significant

　　相关原句：

　　The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl’s “American Indians in the Pacific” theories. (Paragraph 4)

　　本题解析：

　　undisputed意为“不可辩驳的，得到承认的”，与acknowledged同义，因此选择C。

　　正确答案：

　　C