托福阅读典型长难句分析汇总(120句)

　　101．As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates，the water vapor rises and is heated by the

　　incubating bird，which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment．

　　(as从句)

　　当聚集在巢底的水蒸发时，水蒸气上升并被正在孵卵的鸟加热，于是为孵化环境增加了较大的湿度。

　　分句1：As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates

　　分句2：the water vapor rises

　　分句3：the water vapor is heated by the incubating bird

　　分句4：which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment．

　　2和3并列

　　1和2，3并列，1是2，3的条件

　　4和1，2，3嵌套，非限定性从句引导词which代表1，2，3

　　102．The motivation derived from the text，and in the case of singing，the music，in combination with the

　　performer's skills，personality，and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic，political，

　　or pedagogic communication

　　(句子主干是the motivation…and…the music…will determine the success…；in combination with…与…相结

　　合)

　　从剧本里获得的动力，还有(在演唱的情况下的)音乐，与表演者的技巧、个性和引起共鸣的能力相结合，

　　将决定艺术、政治或者教学等交际活动的成功与否。

　　分句1：The motivation and the music will determine the success

　　分句2：derived from the text

　　分句3：in the case of singing

　　分句4：in combination with the performer's skills，personality，and ability to create empathy

　　分句5：of artistic，political，or pedagogic communication

　　1和2嵌套，2修饰motivation

　　1和4嵌套，2是1，4的条件

　　1和5嵌套，5修饰1中的success

　　103．How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness，interest，or sympathy in any given conversation can

　　drastically alter the tone of presentation，by encouraging or discouraging the speaker．

　　(how a speaker perceives…作主语)

　　在任何特定的谈话中，讲话者如何看待听众的接纳性、兴趣或同情，能够通过鼓励讲话者或使之泄气而极

　　大地改变他讲话的语调。

　　分句1：How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness，interest，or sympathy in any given conversation

　　分句2：can drastically alter

　　分句3：the tone of presentation

　　分句4：by encouraging or discouraging the speaker．

　　1，2，3构成句子的主干，1是主语，2是谓语，3是宾语

　　4和1，2，3并列，是方式状语。

　　33 104

　　．Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy，by constricted and

　　harsh sound of the angry，and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed．

　　(evidence作动词——表现出来)

　　情感健康能够通过高兴者直爽、悦耳的声音，生气者急促、严厉的声音，和忧郁者沉闷、冷漠的声音而表

　　现出来。

　　分句1：Emotional health is evidenced in the voice

　　分句2：by free and melodic sounds of the happy

　　分句3：by constricted and harsh sound of the angry

　　分句4：by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed．

　　2，3，4并列

　　1和2，3，4嵌套

　　这个句子比较简单，重点是弄清楚evidence的歌词在这句话中意思，注意一词多义现象，要理解词的意

　　思要注意联系上下文。

　　105．Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials

　　and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility．

　　(特殊结构combined with——加上)

　　工业化和经济生活的官僚化，加上重新强调证书和专长，使得学校教育对经济和社会变动性越来越重要。

　　本句并不难主要是要分清句子主干，分清并列结构。

　　分句1：Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life

　　分句2：combined with

　　分句3：a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise

　　分句4：to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility．

　　1和3并列，同等位置有2连接构成主语

　　1，2，3和4嵌套，4是谓语和宾语部分。

　　106．Kindergartens，vacation schools，extracurricular activities，and vocational education and counseling

　　extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students，many of whom in the larger industrial cities

　　were the children of immigrants．

　　(定语从句many of whom…修饰students)

　　幼儿园、假期学校、课外活动、职业教育和咨询服务等将公立学校的影响扩大到学生的生活中，而在更大

　　的工业城市中，许多学生都是移民的后代。

　　分句1：Kindergartens，vacation schools，extracurricular activities，and vocational education and counseling

　　extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students

　　分句2：many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants

　　1和2嵌套

　　107．The canopy．the upper level of the trees in the rain forest，holds a plethora of climbing mammals of

　　moderately large size，which may include monkeys，cats，civets，and porcupines．

　　(同位语the upper level；定语从句which may include…修饰climbing mammals)

　　树冠层，即雨林中树林的顶部，生活着众多体型较大的爬行哺乳动物，其中可能包括猴子、猫科动物、灵

　　猫和豪猪。

　　分句1：The canopy

　　34 分句

　　2：the upper level of the trees in the rain forest，holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large

　　size

　　分句3：which may include monkeys，cats，civets，and porcupines

　　1和2并列

　　2和3嵌套

　　108．The weight of a gibbon(a small ape)hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down SO that

　　fruit—bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon's face．

　　(难词arch…——使…弯曲下来)

　　悬在树枝下的长臂猿(一种小型猿类)的体重使树枝末端弯曲下来，以便结果的树叶掉向长臂猿的面部。

　　分句1：The weight of a gibbon(a small ape)

　　分句2：hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down

　　分句3：SO that fruit—bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon's face

　　1和2嵌套

　　2和3并列

　　109．Finally，for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds an inability to

　　span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic，since trees that yield these foods can be sparse．

　　(特殊结构supplement…with…——以…补充)

　　最后，对于以水果或种子来补充其昆虫食物的许多小型哺乳动物而言，不能跨越树冠之间的无树问隙可能

　　很成问题，因为生产这些食物的树林可能分布很稀疏。

　　分句1：for the many small mammals

　　分句2：that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns

　　may be problematic

　　分句3：since trees that yield these foods can be sparse

　　1和2嵌套

　　1和3并列

　　110．Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century，most of the

　　writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history，just as much of mainstream American

　　history concentrated on ” great men”

　　(特殊结构as…——正如)

　　尽管19世纪搜集了更多关于普通妇女的信息，但是关于妇女的大多数写作都遵循史学中的“伟大女性”理

　　论，正如主流的美国历史较多关注“伟大男性”一样。

　　分句1：Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century

　　分句2：most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history

　　分句3：just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ” great men”

　　1和2、3并列

　　2、3并列