托福阅读典型长难句分析汇总(120句)

　　81.The warp was always made of willow，and the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber that

　　could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread．

　　(a woody fiber作sedge root的同位语)

　　经向篾条总是用柳条做成，使用最多的横向篾条是莎草根，这是一种能够被轻易分成不比线条粗的多股的

　　木质纤维。

　　解析：

　　主句为两个并列句：

　　并列句1：The warp was always made of willow，

　　并列句2：the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber

　　从句1：that could easily be separated into strands．

　　从句2：no thicker than a thread

　　从句1作为同位语从句，修饰并列句2中的宾语sedge root—a woody fiber

　　从句2修饰从句1中的strands

　　82.Therefore，if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have

　　been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks．

　　(特殊结构may well have been——可能是)

　　因此，如果地球开始时是太空中一个过热的球体，那么所有组成地壳的岩石都可能是火成的，因此成为所

　　有其他岩石的祖先。

　　解析：

　　主句：all the rocks may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks

　　从句1：if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space

　　从句2：making up its crust

　　主句中两个宾语部分igneous和the ancestors of all other rocks并列

　　从句1作为条件状语从句，修饰主句

　　从句2非谓语动词后置修饰主句中的主语rocks

　　83· It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared--the use of

　　money and commercial paper in place of barter，open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy，

　　with an attendant rise in social disorder，and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of

　　independent craftspeople working with hand tools．

　　26 (It was in the cities that the elements…first appeared

　　为强调句；破折号之后的部分是对前面elements一词的

　　具体说明；attendant——伴随的)

　　正是在城市里，第一次出现了能够与现代资本主义联系起来的一些因素——货币与商业文件的使用代替了

　　实物交换，以及随着社会混乱的增加，公开竞争代替了社会顺从和阶层，还有使用煤或水力的工厂的出现

　　代替了用手工工具劳动的独立手艺人。

　　解析：强调句型，in plates of ：代替

　　主句：the elements first appeared in the cities

　　从句1：that can be associated with modern capitalism

　　从句2：the use of money and commercial paper, open competition and the appearance of factories

　　从句3：in place of barter

　　从句4：in place of social deference and hierarchy

　　从句5：with an attendant rise in social disorder

　　从句6：using coal or water power

　　从句7：in place of independent craftspeople

　　从句8：working with hand tools．

　　其中从句8修饰从句7中的craftspeople

　　从句7修饰从句2中的factories

　　从句6修饰从句2中的factories

　　从句5修饰从句2中的open competition

　　从句4修饰从句2中的open competition

　　从句3修饰从句2中的money and commercial paper

　　从句2修饰主句中的elements

　　从句1修饰主句中的elements

　　84.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often self-taught and

　　monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American

　　art organization, the National Academy of Design．

　　(The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established and fostered by…为句子主干)

　　老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。

　　这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的

　　地位。

　　解析：

　　主句1：The older painters practiced in a mode often self-taught

　　主句2：monopolized by landscape subject matter

　　主句3：were securely established in

　　主句4：fostered by the reigning American art organization

　　从句1：most of whom were born before 1835

　　修饰结构1：the National Academy of Design

　　主句1，2，3，4是并列关系，用and并列

　　从句1修饰主句1的painters

　　27 修饰结构

　　1是主句4中的American art organization的同位语

　　85．Most important，perhaps，was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner of technique and

　　composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist，Thomas Cole，who built a career

　　painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River．

　　(倒装句：Most important…was that…=that…was most important)

　　也许最重要的是，他们都在某种程度上忠实地保持一种与美国第一位流行山水画家托马斯·科尔相一致的

　　技巧和创作方式，后者是以描绘临近哈得逊河的恺特斯基尔山风景而建立其事业的。

　　解析：倒装结构Most important…was that

　　正确顺序：That they had all maintained a manner of technique and composition was most important

　　主句：That…was most important

　　从句1：they had all maintained a manner of technique and composition

　　从句2：who built a career

　　从句3：painting the Catskill Mountain scenery

　　从句4：bordering the Hudson River．

　　修饰结构1：with a certain fidelity

　　修饰结构2：consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist

　　修饰结构3：Thomas Cole

　　从句1是主句1后that引导的部分，也就是其中的主语

　　从句2是修饰结构2中的artist的同位语

　　从句3是修饰从句2中的career

　　从句4是修饰从句2中的scenery

　　修饰结构1修饰从句1的谓语maintain

　　修饰结构2修饰从句1中的technique and composition

　　修饰结构3是修饰结构2中artist的同位语

　　86．In 15 or 30 seconds．a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question，cannot

　　detail the probable causes of the problem，and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is

　　preferable to others．

　　(以and连接的并列句)

　　在15或30秒的时间里，发言人无法建立形成正在讨论的问题的历史背景；不能 详细阐述问题产生的可

　　能原因；无法仔细审查几种建议以辩论哪一种更可取。

　　解析：

　　主句1：a speaker cannot establish the historical context

　　主句2：cannot detail the probable causes of the problem

　　主句3：and cannot examine alternative proposals

　　从句1：that shaped the issue in question

　　从句2：to argue that one is preferable to others．

　　主句1，2，3并列关系

　　从句1修饰主句1中的context

　　从句2修饰主句3的proposal

　　87．Recognizing the power of television's pictures，politicians craft televisual, staged events，called

　　pseudo—events，designed to attract media coverage．

　　28 (

　　三个过去分词结构staged，called pseudo—events，designed to…都作定语，其中staged修饰events，called

　　pseudo．events与designed to attract media coverage都修饰前面的staged events；craft——制作)

　　政治家们认识到电视画面的威力，因此精心制作旨在吸引媒体报道的经过故意安排的电视事件(被称为虚

　　构事件)。

　　解析：

　　主句：politicians craft televisual

　　从句1：Recognizing the power of television's pictures

　　从句2：called pseudo—events

　　从句3：designed to attract media coverage．

　　修饰结构1：staged events

　　从句1修饰主句中的politicians

　　从句2修饰主句中的 televisual

　　修饰结构1是televisual的同位语

　　从句3修饰主句中的televisual

　　88．Now，scientists have data from satellites and ground—based observations from which we know that the

　　auroral brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign．

　　(介词提前的定语从句：from which，which指前面的data)

　　如今，科学家们根据来自卫星和陆基观察的数据得知，极光是发光原理类似于霓虹灯的巨大的电流释放。

　　解析：

　　主句：scientists have data from satellites and ground—based observations

　　从句1：from which we know

　　从句2：the auroral brilliance is an immense electrical discharge

　　从句3：similar to that occurring in a neon sign

　　从句1修饰主句中的data

　　从句2作为从句1的宾语从句，表示科学家从data中的得知的内容

　　从句3修饰从句2整句

　　89．Outside the magnetosphere，blasting toward the Earth is the solar wind，a swiftly moving plasma of ionized

　　gases with its own magnetic field．

　　(倒装句：blasting toward the Earth is the solar wind…=the solar wind…is blasting toward the Earth)

　　在磁气圈的外围，太阳风暴——一个有着自身磁场、迅速移动的电离化气团构成的等离子体一极快地袭向

　　地球。

　　解析：

　　主句： blasting toward the Earth is the solar wind

　　倒装结构，正常顺序为the solar wind…is blasting toward the Earth

　　修饰结构1：Outside the magnetosphere

　　修饰结构2：with its own magnetic field

　　从句：a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases

　　修饰结构1修饰整个主句

　　修饰结构2修饰从句中的ionized gases

　　从句是主句中solar wind的同位语从句

　　29

　　90．Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth

　　century was a domestic migration，from town and farm to city，within the United States．

　　(倒装句：Matching the influx…was a domestic migration…=a domestic migration…was matching the influx…)

　　19世纪晚期，与外国移民流入美国较大城市相媲美的，是美国本土移民从小镇和乡村到城市的国内迁移。

　　解析：

　　倒装，主干正常顺序是a domestic migration was Matching the influx of foreign immigrants….

　　从句1：from town and farm to city，

　　从句2：within the United States

　　从句1，2共同修饰主干中的a domestic migration