托福阅读典型长难句分析汇总(120句)

　　71． Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the

　　unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.

　　(Farm dwellers…not only found it harder to…，but also…felt it necessary to…为句子主干)

　　22 单独居住的农场居民不仅发现在娱乐中很难找到伴侣，而且，由于来自工作的无休止的要求和压力，他们

　　觉得必须把实用目的与乐趣结合起来。

　　分句1. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play

　　分句2. but also felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.

　　分句3. thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work,

　　1和2并列

　　2和3嵌套

　　1和2是not only… but also的并列；2是3的原因状语，2省略主语Farm dwellers

　　72．The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual

　　tools of the experimental psychologist.

　　(特殊结构as…as——像…一样…)

　　对像意识这样个人化的经历的科学研究令人沮丧，它远非实验心理学家通常的研究工具所能胜任。

　　分句1. The scientific investigation is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.

　　分句2. of an experience as private as consciousness

　　1和2嵌套

　　2的of结构是1主语scientific investigation的定语。

　　73．Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to

　　mate，lay eggs，and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern

　　gannets．

　　(倒装句：Among the species of seabirds…are…=…are among the species of seabirds…)

　　夏天在加拿大大西洋沿岸迎风的悬崖上交配、产卵并抚育后代的海鸟中有普通海鸦、大西洋海鹦、黑脚三

　　趾鸥和北部塘鹅。

　　分句1. Among the species of seabirds are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and

　　northern gannets．

　　分句2. use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their

　　young

　　1和2嵌套

　　1是倒装结构，正常的句子顺序是：Common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern

　　gannets are among the species of seabirds. 主宾颠倒，是因为宾语seabirds后边跟着一个定语从句2.

　　74．The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks，

　　and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.

　　(The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from…and from为句子主干)

　　在悬崖上筑巢的一大优势是可以避开不能攀登峭壁的狐狸和很难在窄峭的突出岩石上立足来偷鸟卵的渡

　　鸦和其他鸥类。

　　分句1. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes,

　　分句2. which cannot scale the sheer rocks

　　分句3. and from ravens and other species of gulls,

　　分句4. which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.

　　1和3并列

　　1和2嵌套

　　3和4嵌套

　　1中省略which；3中省略it gives。2是1的定语从句；4是3的定语从句

　　23 75

　　．Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and

　　rural living superior to urban living·

　　(that引导的从句作ideology的同位语)

　　他们的这种不信任部分是由一种全民性的思想意识引起的，这种意识宣称耕作是最伟大的职业，乡村生活

　　优于城市生活。

　　分句1. Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology

　　分句2. that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·

　　1和2嵌套

　　2是1中a national ideology的同位语从句。

　　76．A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons

　　of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries，especially

　　aspiring artists．and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for

　　institutions devoted to its encouragement．

　　(A few art collectors…introduced European art traditions to those colonists…and established…the idea…and the

　　need…为句子主干)

　　几个艺术收藏家，波士顿的詹姆士·鲍德温三世、弗吉尼亚的威廉·白尔德租费城的阿里昂夫妇以及汉密尔

　　顿夫妇将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各

　　自的社区形成了艺术有价值和需要设立机构以鼓励其发展的观念。

　　分析：

　　此长句全为主句，没有从句。整句只能找主干与修饰部分，不能分主从句

　　主干：art collectors introduced traditions to those colonists and established in the idea of the value of art and the

　　need for institutions

　　修饰成分：

　　几个人名并列：Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of

　　Philadelphia

　　非谓语动词后缀修饰名词：privileged to visit their galleries修饰colonists

　　devoted to its encouragement修饰institutions

　　（3） 插入语 ，especially aspiring artists．

　　（4） 介词短语修饰谓语动词：in their respective communities 修饰 established

　　77．The achievements of the colonial artists，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，lent credence to the

　　boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the

　　development of taste——a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic．

　　(The achievements…lent credence to the boast that…and that…为句子主干，两个that引导的两个从句都作

　　boast的同位语)

　　这些殖民地艺术家的成就，尤其是考伯莱、韦斯特和皮尔的成就，为新国家有能

　　力鼓励天才和政治自由与艺术品味的发展相一致的宣言提供了凭证——这是艺术，在新的共和国里担当重

　　要角色之前所必须经历的一步。

　　解析：

　　主句：The achievements of the colonial artists lent credence to the boast

　　同位语从句1：that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius

　　同位语从句2：that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste 其中

　　“——“引导的从句：a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic．

　　修饰成分：

　　插入语：，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，

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　　其中两个同位语从句1和2由and并列在一起，共同修饰主句中的宾语boast

　　“——“引导的从句是用来修饰整个主句的，对其进行补充描述

　　插入语修饰artists

　　78．The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，made velocity of transport and

　　economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production，and carried consumer goods to households.

　　(and连接的并列句；strip…of…——剥夺…的…)

　　铁路同时剥夺了土地的自然资源，使运输速度和规模经济成为工业生产的必需部分，并将消费品送到各家

　　各户。

　　解析：此长句为几个并列句

　　并列句1：The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，

　　并列句2：made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production，

　　并列句3：carried consumer goods to households.

　　三个并列句用and相连，共同用一个主语 railroad

　　79．Moreover，in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of

　　tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and junctions，plus telegraph and telephone lines, the railroad nurtured factory

　　complexes，coat piles, warehouses，and generating stations，forming along its right of way what has aptly been

　　called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.

　　(the railroad nurtured factory complexes…为句子主干；what引导的从句作forming的宾语)

　　而且，铁路除了是装备有庞大的路轨信号厂、十字路口、桥梁、交叉点以及电报和电话线的运输路径外，

　　还产生了联合工厂、服装大楼、仓库和发电站，在它的沿途形成了美国风景中被恰如其分地叫做“都市走

　　廊”的景象。

　　解析：

　　主句：the railroad nurtured factory complexes…..

　　从句1：in addition to its being a transportation pathway

　　修饰成分1：equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and junctions，plus

　　telegraph and telephone lines,

　　修饰成分2：forming along its right of way

　　从句2：what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.

　　从句2修饰修饰成分2中的way

　　修饰成分2修饰了主句中的宾语factory complexes…..

　　修饰成分1修饰了从句1

　　从句1修饰主句中的主语the railroad

　　80.The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry，using the reeds，grasses，barks，

　　and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes—not only trays，containers，and

　　cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，and ceremonial objects．

　　(fashion制作)

　　加利福尼亚北部的美国土著人非常擅长编织工艺，他们用在周围找到的芦苇、野草、树皮和树根来制作各

　　种类型和大小的物件，不仅有盘子、容器和饭锅，还有帽子、小船、鱼钩、婴儿篮和仪式用品。

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　　分析：

　　主句：The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry

　　从句1：using the reeds…to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes

　　从句2：they found around them

　　从句3：—not only trays，containers，and cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，and ceremonial

　　objects．

　　从句3修饰从句1中的articles of all sorts and sizes

　　从句2修饰从句1中的reeds，grasses，barks，and roots

　　从句1修饰主句整句